Skip to main content

Informational Lobbying in the EU: Mechanisms of Probity, Dissembling, and Transparency

  • Chapter
  • First Online:
Lobbying in the European Union
  • 2287 Accesses

Abstract

This chapter examines questions of dissembling and probity in informational lobbying in the EU. Scholars have long acknowledged that information is at the very heart of EU lobbying. Information is used as a form of lobbying currency that not only grants interest groups access to decision-making processes but also the opportunity to shape policy outcomes in their favor. But to what extent do interest groups provide inaccurate, incomplete, and even erroneous information? What incentives do they have to be honest, and what safeguards can policymakers implement to ensure the receipt of accurate information? This chapter explores these questions from both an interest group and policymaker perspective.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 89.00
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Hardcover Book
USD 119.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Notes

  1. 1.

    An alternative view is related to theories of “associational democracy” and sees interest groups as being essential to democratic decision-making processes. See Maloney (2009), Salgado (2014), and Saurugger (2008).

  2. 2.

    Plans are now underway to make the register mandatory. See European Commission (2016). Proposal for an Interinstitutional Agreement on a mandatory Transparency Register. http://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/en/TXT/?uri=CELEX:52016PC0627. Accessed 18 June 2017.

  3. 3.

    European Commission (2014). Code of Conduct.http://ec.europa.eu/transparencyregister/public/staticPage/displayStaticPage.do?locale=en&reference=CODE_OF_CONDUCT. Accessed 16 December 2016

References

  • Austen-Smith, D. (1993). Information and influence: Lobbying for agendas and votes. American Journal of Political Science, 34(3), 799–833.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Baroni, L. (2014). Information counts: Interest group success in the European Parliament. Doctoral thesis. University of Salzburg.

    Google Scholar 

  • Becker, G. (1983). A theory of competition among pressure groups for political influence. The Quarterly Journal of Economics, XCVIII(3), 371–400.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Berry, J. M. (1977). Lobbying for the people: The political behavior of public interest groups. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Beyers, J. (2002). Gaining and seeking access: The European adaptation of domestic interest associations. European Journal of Political Research, 41, 585–612.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Beyers, J. (2004). Voice and access. Political practices of European interest associations. European Union Politics, 5(2), 211–240.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Bouwen, P. (2002). Corporate lobbying in the European Union: The logic of access. Journal of European Public Policy, 9(3), 365–390.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Bouwen, P. (2004a). The logic of access to the European Parliament: Business lobbying in the committee on economic and monetary affairs. Journal of Common Market Studies, 42(3), 473–495.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Bouwen, P. (2004b). Exchanging access goods for access: A comparative study of business lobbying in the European Union Institutions. European Journal of Political Research, 43, 337–369.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Broscheid, A., & Coen, D. (2003). Insider and outsider lobbying of the European Commission. An informational model of forum politics. European Union Politics, 4(2), 165–189.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Broscheid, A., & Coen, D. (2007). Lobbying activity and fora creation in the EU: Empirically exploring the nature of the policy good. Journal of European Public Policy, 14(3), 346–365.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Burson Marsteller. (2009). A guide to effective lobbying in Europe 2009. Accessed June 18, 2017, from http://www.oursocialmedia.com/wp-content/uploads/effective-lobbying_light_07102009.pdf

  • Chaffin, J. (23 January 2009). Gazprom lobbyist suspended from EU. The Financial Times. Accessed June 18, 2017, from http://www.ft.com/cms/s/0/06c4fd02-e8b3-11dd-a4d0-0000779fd2ac.html#axzz1AApu8GHe

  • Corporate Europe Observatory. (2008). How hired-gun lobbyists pulled the teeth out of the new EU lobbyists’ register. Accessed June 18, 2017, from http://archive.corporateeurope.org/howlobbyistspulledteeth.html

  • Chalmers, A. W. (2011). Interests, information and influence: Comparing the influence of interests groups in the European Union. Journal of European Integration, 33(4), 471–486.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Chalmers, A. W. (2013a). Trading information for access: Informational lobbying strategies and interest group access to the EU. Journal of European Public Policy, 20(1), 39–58.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Chalmers, A. W. (2013b). With a lot of help from their Friends: Explaining the social logic of informational lobbying in the European Union. European Union Politics, 14(4), 475–496.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Crombez, C. (2002). Information, lobbying and the legislative process in the European Union. European Union Politics, 3(1), 7–32.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • De Bruycker, I. (2016). Pressure and expertise: Explaining the information supply of interest groups in EU legislative lobbying. Journal of Common Market Studies, 54(3), 599–616.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Eising, R. (2007a). Institutional context, organizational resources and strategic choices. European Union Politics, 8(3), 329–362.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Eising, R. (2007b). The access of business interests in to EU institutions: Toward élite pluralism. Journal of European Public Policy, 14(3), 384–403.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • EurActiv. (31 October 2008). Civil society demands more lobbying transparency. EurActiv online. Accessed June 18, 2017, from http://www.euractiv.com/en/pa/civil-society-demands-lobbying-transparency/article-176819

  • EurActiv. (26 January 2009a). Brussels firm excluded from EU lobbyists’ register. EurActiv online. Accessed June 18, 2017, from http://www.euractiv.com/en/pa/brussels-firm-excluded-eu-lobbyists-register/article-178809

  • EurActiv. (23 July 2009b). Chemicals group suspended from EU lobby register. EurActiv online. Accessed June 18, 2017, from https://www.euractiv.com/section/public-affairs/news/chemicals-group-suspended-from-eu-lobby-register/

  • European Commission. (2006). Green Paper. European transparency initiative. COM (2006) 194 final.

    Google Scholar 

  • European Commission. (2008). Communication from the commission. European transparency initiative. A framework for relations with interest representatives (Register and Code of Conduct). COM (2008) 323 final.

    Google Scholar 

  • European Commission. (2009). Communication from the Commission to the European Parliament and the Council. European transparency initiative: The register of interest representatives, one year after. COM (2009) 612 final.

    Google Scholar 

  • European Commission. (2010). Code of conduct for interest representatives: Rules for professional ethics for members and staff of the European Commission.

    Google Scholar 

  • European Parliament. (2009). Rules of procedure of the European Parliament. 7th Parliamentary Term – December 2009.

    Google Scholar 

  • Grossman, G. M., & Helpman, E. (2001). Special interest politics. Cambridge, MA: The MIT Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hayes-Renshaw, F. (2006). The Council of Ministers. In J. Peterson & M. Shackelton (Eds.), The Institutions of the European Union (2nd ed., pp. 60–80). Oxford: Oxford University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • King, T. (03 September 2009). Testing the Commission’s register. EuropeanVoice. Accessed June 18, 2017, from http://www.europeanvoice.com/article/imported/testing-the-commission-s-register/65796.aspx

  • Klüver, H. (2012). Informational lobbying in the European Union: The effects of organisational characteristics. West European Politics, 35(3), 491–510.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Klüver, H. (2013). Lobbying in the European Union: Interest groups, lobbying coalitions, and policy change. Oxford: Oxford University Press.

    Book  Google Scholar 

  • Lehmann, W. (2009). The European Parliament. In D. Coen & J. Richardson (Eds.), Lobbying the European Union: Institutions, actors, and issues (pp. 39–69). Oxford: Oxford University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Lowi, T. J. (1969). The end of liberalism. New York: Knopf.

    Google Scholar 

  • Mahoney, C. (2008). Brussels versus the Beltway. Advocacy in the United States and the European Union. Washington: Georgetown University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Maloney, W. (2009). Interest groups and the revitalisation of democracy: Are we expecting too much? Representations, 45(3), 277–287.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Marshall, D. (2010). Who to lobby and when: Institutional determinants of interest group strategies in European Parliament committees. European Union Politics, 11(4), 553–575.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • McLaughlin, A., & Greenwood, J. (1995). The management of interest representation in the European Union. Journal of Common Market Studies, 33(1), 143–156.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Milbrath, L. W. (1963). The Washington lobbyists. Chicago: Rand McNally.

    Google Scholar 

  • OECD. (2009). Self-Regulation and Regulation of the Lobbying Profession, (GOV/PGC/GF(2009)5). Accessed June 18, 2017, from http://www.oecd.org/document/62/0,3746,en_2649_34135_41878910_1_1_1_1,00.html

  • Olson, M. (1982). The rise and decline of nations: Economic growth, stagflation, and social rigidities. New Haven: Yale University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Potters, J., & van Winden, F. (1990). Modelling political pressure as transmission of information. European Journal of Political Economy, 6, 61–88.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Potters, J., & van Winden, F. (1992). Lobbying and asymmetric information. Public Choice, 74, 269–292.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Sanchez Salgado, R. (2014). Rebalancing EU interest representation? Associative democracy and EU fund of civil society organizations. Journal of Common Market Studies, 52(2), 337–353.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Saurugger, S. (2008). Interest groups and democracy in the EU. A critical reappraisal. West European Politics, 31(6), 1272–1289.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Schattschneider, E. E. (1960). The Semi-Sovereign people. A realist’s view of democracy in America. New York: Holt, Rinehart and Winston.

    Google Scholar 

  • van Schaik, F. (2010). Beyond Satire – the Worst EU lobbying awards 2005–2008. In Alter-EU Steering Committee (Eds.), Bursting the Brussels bubble. The battle to expose corporate lobbying in the heart of the EU (pp. 134–138). Brussels: Alter-EU.

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Adam William Chalmers .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2019 Springer Nature Switzerland AG

About this chapter

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this chapter

Chalmers, A.W. (2019). Informational Lobbying in the EU: Mechanisms of Probity, Dissembling, and Transparency. In: Dialer, D., Richter, M. (eds) Lobbying in the European Union. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-98800-9_5

Download citation

Publish with us

Policies and ethics