Abstract
A recent string of scandals involving senior EU officials has reignited the debate of the EU’s revolving doors, meaning the transition of politicians or civil servants from public office into lobby jobs and vice versa. Such transitions create a host of potential and actual conflicts of interest, such as the risk that former officials will use their insider know-how, privileged contact network and reputation in ways that influence EU policy-making and that can unduly benefit private interests. The current article examines cases collated in the RevolvingDoorWatch database to review the rules currently in place and their implementation. It highlights the revolving door phenomenon as a cross-cutting issue in the EU that covers the European Parliament and the Commission across several levels of seniority and policy areas. It further adds to growing evidence that revolving door type of conflicts requires stricter rules and scrutiny but also a change in political culture.
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Notes
- 1.
Profiles in the Revolving Door Watch project. https://corporateeurope.org/revolvingdoorwatch. Accessed 16 August 2017.
- 2.
Its power was particularly evident in the aftermath of the 2008 financial crisis when, following decades of deregulation, there were renewed vows to reform the sector and several pieces of legislation were put forward. Reform proved difficult, in part due to the extensive power of the financial lobby in the EU (Wolf et al. 2014).
- 3.
RDW. https://corporateeurope.org/revolvingdoorwatch. Accessed 24 July 2017.
- 4.
See Part V “Trade Agreements and Interest Representation.”
- 5.
The College of Commissioners includes all commissioners; each one has a specific field of responsibility, but decisions are taken by the college under a collective decision-making process (European Commission 2016a).
- 6.
Kroes’ breached the rules which ban commissioners from holding outside directorships. The Commission issued a reprimand but chose not to seek legal or financial sanctions (European Commission 2016b).
- 7.
Commissioners, cabinet members, and directors general of the Commission are required to disclose their meetings.
- 8.
Other cases include former commissioners, Peter Sutherland and Mario Monti, the current head of the European Central Bank, Mario Draghi, and the current EU research and innovation commissioner, Carlos Moedas (Foley 2011).
- 9.
During her second term as vice president from July 2009 to January 2012, she was head of the EP Bureau working group on the implementing measures for the members’ and assistants’ statutes.
- 10.
From 1989 to 2000, he was deputy director general of the Legal Service of the European Commission.
- 11.
President Juncker has proposed extending the cooling-off period from 18 months to 2 years for ex-commissioners and 3 years for ex-presidents of the Commission (European Commission 2016c). At the time of writing (August 2017), this reform has so far not been implemented.
- 12.
Three MEPs were exposed for accepting pay for tabling amendments to change EU law; two ended up in jail.
- 13.
- 14.
- 15.
Minimum payout of 6 months’ salary and a maximum of 24 months.
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Silva, M. (2019). The European Union’s Revolving Door Problem. In: Dialer, D., Richter, M. (eds) Lobbying in the European Union. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-98800-9_20
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