Abstract
This chapter focuses on the relations between spatial reasoning, drawing and mathematics learning. Based on the strong link that has been found in educational psychology between children’s finished drawings and their mathematical achievement, and the central importance of diagramming in mathematics thinking and learning, we wanted to study children’s actual drawing process in order to gain insight into how the movements of their hands and eyes can play a role in perceiving, creating, and interpreting geometric shapes and patterns. We pay particular attention to the interplay between children’s drawings and their gestures, to the role of language in modulating children’s perceptions, and to the back and forth that drawing seems to invite between two-dimensional and three-dimensional perceptions of geometric figures. We seek to forge new ways of including drawing as part of the teaching and learning of geometry and offer new ways of thinking about and analyzing the types of spatial/geometric reasoning young children are capable of.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Notes
- 1.
In the original Quick Images, students were then shown the image and asked to comment on it and their drawings. As stated below, this was done in the interviews as well.
- 2.
Neva says “R” because the letters R and L had been placed near the middle of the right and left sides of the square, respectively, to help provide orientation for the children.
References
Battista, M. T., Clements, D. H., Arnoff, J., Battista, K., & Borrow, C. V. A. (1998). Students’ spatial structuring of 2D arrays of squares. Journal for Research in Mathematics Education, 29(5), 503–532.
Beery, K., & Beery, N. (2010). The Beery–Buktenica developmental test of visual motor integration (6th ed.). Bloomington, MN: Pearson.
Boonen, A. J., van der Schoot, M., van Wesel, F., de Vries, M. H., & Jolles, J. (2013). What underlies successful word problem solving? A path analysis in sixth grade students. Contemporary Educational Psychology, 38(3), 271–279.
Boonen, A. J., van Wesel, F., Jolles, J., & van der Schoot, M. (2014). The role of visual representation type, spatial ability, and reading comprehension in word problem solving: An item-level analysis in elementary school children. International Journal of Educational Research, 68, 15–26.
Bremigan, E. G. (2005). An analysis of diagram modification and construction in students’ solutions to applied calculus problems. Journal of Research in Mathematics Education, 36(3), 248–277.
Brooks, M. (2009). Drawing, visualisation and young children’s exploration of “big ideas”. International Journal of Science Education, 31(3), 319–341.
Carlson, A. G., Rowe, E., & Curby, T. W. (2013). Disentangling fine motor skills’ relations to academic achievement: The relative contributions of visual-spatial integration and visual-motor coordination. The Journal of Genetic Psychology, 174(5), 514–533.
Case, R., & Okamoto, Y. (1996). The role of central conceptual structures in the development of children’s thought. Monographs of the Society for Research in Child Development, 61 (Nos. 1–2).
Châtelet, G. (2000). Les enjeux du mobile. Paris: Seuil English translation by R. Shore & M. Zagha: Figuring space: Philosophy, mathematics, and physics. Dordrecht: Kluwer.
Chen, C.-L., & Herbst, P. (2013). The interplay among gestures, discourse, and diagrams in students’ geometrical reasoning. Educational Studies in Mathematics, 83(2), 285–307.
Claparede, E. (1907). Plan d’experiences collectives sur le dessin des enfants. Archives de Psychologic, 6, 276–278.
Clements, D. H., & Sarama, J. (2011). Early childhood teacher education: The case of geometry. Journal of Mathematics Teacher Education, 14, 133–148.
Cooke, E. (1885). Art teaching and child nature. London Journal of Education.
de Freitas, E., & Sinclair, N. (2012). Diagram, gesture, agency: Theorizing embodiment in the mathematics classroom. Educational Studies in Mathematics, 80(1), 133–152.
Diezmann, C, M. & English, L. D. (2001). Promoting the use of diagrams as tools for thinking. In A. A. Cuoco & F. R. Curcio (Eds.), The roles of representation in school mathematics (pp. 77–89). Reston, VA: National Council of Teachers of Mathematics.
Duval, R. (1998). Geometry from a cognitive point of view. In C. Mammana & V. Villani (Eds.), Perspectives on the teaching of geometry for the 21st Century: an ICMI study (pp. 37–52). Dordrecht: Kluwer.
Duval, R. (2005). Les conditions cognitives de l’apparentissage de la géométrie: Développement de la visualisation, differenciation des raisonnement et coordination de leurs fonctionnements. Annales de didactique et sciences cognitives, 10, 5–53.
Goodenough, F. L. (1926a). Measurement of intelligence by drawings. New York: World Book.
Goodenough, F. L. (1926b). A new approach to the measurement of the intelligence of young children. The Pedagogical Seminary and Journal of Genetic Psychology, 33(2), 185–211.
Grissmer, D., Grimm, K. J., Aiyer, S. M., Murrah, W. M., & Steele, J. S. (2010). Fine motor skills and early comprehension of the world: Two new school readiness indicators. Developmental Psychology, 46(5), 1008–1017.
Hanlon, A. E. C. (2010). Investigating the influence of Quick Draw on pre-service elementary teachers beliefs, in concordance with spatial and geometric thinking: A mixed methods study. (Doctoral dissertation, Oklahoma State University).
Hawes, Z., Tepylo, D., & Moss, J. (2015). Developing spatial thinking: Implications for early mathematics education. In B. Davis & Spatial Reasoning Study Group (Eds.), Spatial reasoning in the early years: Principles, assertions and speculations (pp. 29–44). New York, NY: Routledge.
Hegarty, M., & Kozhevnikov, M. (1999). Types of visual–spatial representations andmathematical problem solving. Journal of Educational Psychology, 91(4), 684–689.
Hu, F. T., Ginns, P., & Bobis, J. (2015). Getting the point: Tracing worked examples enhances learning. Learning and Instruction, 35, 85–93.
Ivanoff, E. (1909). Recherches experimentales sur le dessin des ecoliers de la Suisse Romande: Correlation entre l’aptitude an dessin et les autres aptitudes. Archives de Psychologic, 8, 97–156.
Kamphaus, R. W., & Pleiss, K. L. (1992). Draw-a-person techniques: Tests in search of a construct. Journal of School Psychology, 29(4), 395–401.
Kellogg, R. (1970). Analyzing children’s art. Palo Alto, CA: Mayfield.
Kulp, M. T. (1999). Relationship between visual motor integration skill and academic performance in kindergarten through third grade. Optometry & Vision Science, 76(3), 159–163.
Kurdek, L. A., & Sinclair, R. J. (2001). Predicting reading and mathematics achievement in fourth-grade children from kindergarten readiness scores. Journal of Educational Psychology, 93, 451–455.
Lakoff, G., & Núñez, R. (2000). Where mathematics come from: How the embodied mind brings mathematics into being. New York, NY: Basic books.
Malanchini, M., Tosto, M. G., Garfield, V., Dirik, A., Czerwik, A., Arden, R., … Kovas, Y. (2016). Preschool drawing and school mathematics: The nature of the association. Child Development, 87(3), 929–943.
Mix, K. S., & Cheng, Y. L. (2012). The relation between space and math: Developmental and educational implications. Advances in Child Development and Behavior, 42, 197–243.
Moss, J., Bruce, C., Caswell, B., Flynn, T., & Hawes, Z. (2016). Taking Shape: Activities to develop geometric and spatial thinking. Don Mills, ON: Pearson Education Canada.
Mulligan, J., & Mitchelmore, M. (2009). Awareness of pattern and structure in early mathematical development. Mathematics Education Research Journal, 21(2), 33–49.
Núñez, R. (2003). Do real numbers really move? Language, thought, and gesture: The embodied cognitive foundations of mathematics. In R. Hersh (Ed.), 18 unconventional essays on the nature of mathematics (pp. 160–181). New York: Springer.
Nunokawa, K. (2006). Using drawings and generating information in mathematical problem solving processes. Eurasia Journal of Mathematics, Science and Technology Education, 2(3), 34–54. https://doi.org/10.12973/ejmste/75463.
Outhred, L. N., & Mitchelmore, M. C. (2000). Young children’s intuitive understanding of rectangular area measurement. Journal for Research in Mathematics Education, 31, 144–167.
Pieters, S., Desoete, A., Roeyers, H., Vanderswalmen, R., & Van Waelvelde, H. (2012). Behind mathematical learning disabilities: What about visual perception and motor skills? Learning and Individual Differences, 22(4), 498–504.
Polya, G. (1957). How to solve it (2nd ed.). Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.
Sinclair, N., & Gol Tabaghi, S. (2010). Drawing space: Mathematicians’ kinetic conceptions of eigenvectors. Education Studies in Mathematics, 74(3), 223–240.
Sortor, J. M., & Kulp, M. T. (2003). Are the results of the Beery-Buktenica Developmental Test of Visual–Motor Integration and its subtests related to achievement test scores? Optometry and Vision Science, 80, 758–763.
Streeck, J. (2009). Gesturecraft: The manu-facturing of meaning. Amsterdam: John Benjamins.
Steenpaß, A., & Steinbring, H. (2014). Young students’ subjective interpretations of mathematical diagrams— elements of the theoretical construct “frame-based interpreting competence”. ZDM—The International Journal on Mathematics Education, 46(1), 3–14.
Sundberg, N. D. (1961). The practice of psychological testing in clinical services in the United States. American Psychologist, 16, 79–83.
Tzuriel, D., & Egozi, G. (2010). Gender differences in spatial ability of young children: The effects of training and processing strategies. Child Development, 81(5), 1417–1430.
van Hiele, P. M. (1986). Structure and insight: A theory of mathematics education. New York: Academic Press.
Weckbacher, L. M., & Okamoto, Y. (2015). Discovering space in the elementary classroom. Journal of Education and Learning, 4(1), 35.
Wheatley, G. H. (1997). Reasoning with images in mathematical activity. In L. D. English (Ed.), Mathematical reasoning: Analogies, metaphors, and images (pp. 281–297). Mahwah, NJ: Erlbaum.
Wheatley, G. H. (2007). Quick draw: Developing spatial sense in mathematics (2nd ed.). Bethany Beach, DE: Mathematics Learning.
Whiteley, W. (2002). Teaching to see like a mathematician. Retrieved from http://www.math.yorku.ca/~whiteley/Teaching_to_see.pdf.
Yackel, E., & Wheatley, G. H. (1990). Spatial sense: Promoting visual imagery in young pupils. Arithmetic Teacher, 37(6), 52–58.
Yancey, A. V., Thompson, C. S., & Yancey, J. S. (1989). Children must learn to draw diagrams. Arithmetic Teacher, 36(7), 15–19.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2018 Springer Nature Switzerland AG
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Sinclair, N., Moss, J., Hawes, Z., Stephenson, C. (2018). Learning Through and from Drawing in Early Years Geometry. In: Mix, K., Battista, M. (eds) Visualizing Mathematics. Research in Mathematics Education. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-98767-5_11
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-98767-5_11
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Cham
Print ISBN: 978-3-319-98766-8
Online ISBN: 978-3-319-98767-5
eBook Packages: EducationEducation (R0)