Abstract
The primary aim of food traceability is to increase food safety but traceability systems can also bring other benefits to production systems and supply chains. Technology has helped supply chain distribution to be successful and more competitive in the global market by improving their customers satisfaction level and providing more reasonable prices compared to their competitors. However, nowadays supply chains are long and complex and include many different actors, beginning with the farmers, followed by collectors, traders, manufacturers. At the end, the processed products are difficult to trace back to their origins in a trusted way. Best way so far is the continuous medial or legal documentation of the chain of transactions, available only to a limited circle of persons. The recent efforts toward blockchain-based trust management open a new perspective here. Here, we propose a solution to link legal documentation and blockchain technology within a traceability system, with the specific application case of cacao and chocolate production in mind. For improved data security, the common blockchain concept is extended to a two-factor blockchain, where both blockchains are connected via digital watermarking of the documentation media, one blockchain traces the documentation steps, the other the watermarking embedding. By a unique reading-verification approach, the integrity of their relatedness can be proven, thus improving also reliability of the whole product tracing.
The original version of this chapter was revised: Typographical error in second author name has been corrected. The correction to this chapter is available at https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-98557-2_50
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution.
Buying options
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Learn about institutional subscriptionsChange history
24 October 2018
In the original version of the book, typographical error in second author name “Sajjad Dhadkah” should be corrected to read as “Sajjad Dadkhah” in chapter “Two-Factor Blockchain for Traceability Cacao Supply Chain”. The correction chapter and the book have been now updated with the change.
References
Dabenne, F., Gay, P.: Food traceability systems: performance evaluation and optimization. Comput. Electron. Agric. 75, 139–146 (2011)
Gellynck, X., Verbeke, W., Vermeire, B.: Pathways to increase consumer trust in meat as a safe and wholesome food. Meat Science. 74, 161–171 (2006)
Jacquet, J.L., Pauly, D.: Trade secrets: renaming and mislabeling of seafood. Marine Policy 32, 309–318 (2008). K. Elissa, Title of paper if known, unpublished
Monteiro, D.M.S., Caswell, J.A.: Traceability adoption at the farm level: an empirical analysis of the portuguese pear industry. Food Policy 34, 94–100 (2009)
Opara, L.: Engineering and technological outlook on traceability of agricultural production and products. Agric. Eng. Int.: CGIR J. Sci. Res. Develop. 4, 1–13 (2002)
Regattieri, A., Gamberi, M., Manzini, R.: Traceability of food products : general framework and experimental evidence. J. Food Eng. 81, 347–356 (2007)
Kapllinsky, R.: Competitions policy and the global coffee and cocoa value chains. Paper for United Nations Conference for Trade and Development (UNCTAD). www.unctad.org (2004)
van der Vorst, J.G.A.J.: Product traceability in food supply chains. Accred Qual. Assur. 11, 33–37 (2006)
The Guardian Magazine, International edition. https://www.theguardian.com/lifeandstyle2016/feb/23/mars-chocolate-product-recalls-snickers-milky-way-celebrations-germany-netherlands
The Guardian Magazine, International Edition. https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2017/sep/13/chocolate-industry-drives-rainforest-disaster-in-ivory-coast
Badia-Melis, R., Mishra, P., Ruiz-García L.: Food traceability: New trends and recent advances. Food Control 57, 393–401 (2015). Elsevier Science
Dadkhah, S., Abd Manaf, A., Hori, Y., Ella Hassanien, A., Sadeghi, S.: An effective SVD-based image tampering detection and self-recovery using active watermarking. Signal Process. Image Commun. 29, 1197–1210 (2014)
Jabade, V.S., Gengaje, S.R.: Literature review of wavelet based digital image watermarking techniques. Int. J. Comput. Appl. 31(1), 28–30 (2011)
Wang, K.: Region-based three-dimensional wavelet transform coding, thesis submitted to the faculty of graduate studies and research in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Applied Science. Carleton University, Ottawa, Canada, May 2005
Bedi, S.S., Kumar, A., Kapoor, P.: Robust secure SVD based DCT ñ DWT oriented watermarking technique for image authentication. In: International Conference on IT to Celebrate S. Charmonman’s 72nd Birthday, pp. 1–7 (2009)
Al-Haj, A.: Combined DWT-DCT digital image watermarking. J. Comput. Sci. 3, 740–746 (2007)
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2019 Springer Nature Switzerland AG
About this paper
Cite this paper
Arsyad, A.A., Dadkhah, S., Köppen, M. (2019). Two-Factor Blockchain for Traceability Cacao Supply Chain. In: Xhafa, F., Barolli, L., Greguš, M. (eds) Advances in Intelligent Networking and Collaborative Systems. INCoS 2018. Lecture Notes on Data Engineering and Communications Technologies, vol 23. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-98557-2_30
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-98557-2_30
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Cham
Print ISBN: 978-3-319-98556-5
Online ISBN: 978-3-319-98557-2
eBook Packages: Intelligent Technologies and RoboticsIntelligent Technologies and Robotics (R0)