Skip to main content

Dietary Intake in Chinese Community-Dwelling Older Adults with Sarcopenia: A Focus on Protein

  • Chapter
  • First Online:
  • 664 Accesses

Abstract

Protein has long been regarded as one of the key nutrients for muscle mass preservation and physical function maintenance. The quantity and quality of the protein intake, as well as the timing and dosage distribution of protein consumption, all affect the net protein balance. Most of the existing evidence and dietary recommendations are based on a Western population.

However, there have been limited data differentiating the effect of animal protein and plant protein on physical performance measures and muscle mass, as well as investigating the detailed protein consumption pattern in community-dwelling older adults of Chinese origin.

This chapter provides an overview of sarcopenia including its definition, prevalence, risk factors, and health consequences. Recent findings from a prospective study of Chinese community-dwelling older adults in Hong Kong regarding the association of animal protein and plant protein with 4-year change in physical performance measures and muscle mass, as well as preliminary data on detailed protein intake pattern in Chinese older adults with sarcopenia, are also presented.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution.

Buying options

Chapter
USD   29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD   84.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD   129.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD   109.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Learn about institutional subscriptions

References

  1. Morley JE, Baumgartner RN, Roubenoff R, Mayer J, Nair KS. Sarcopenia. J Lab Clin Med. 2001;137:231–43.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  2. Cruz-Jentoft AJ, Baeyens JP, Bauer JM, Boirie Y, Cederholm T, Landi F, et al. Sarcopenia: European consensus on definition and diagnosis: report of the European Working Group on Sarcopenia in Older People. Age Ageing. 2010;39:412–23.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  3. Aging in Motion. AIM coalition announces establishment of ICD-10-CM Code for Sarcopenia by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention [press release]. 2016. http://aginginmotion.org/news/2388-2/. Accessed 7 Dec 2017.

  4. Malmstrom TK, Morley JE. The frail brain. J Am Med Dir Assoc. 2013;14:453–5.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  5. Janssen I, Heymsfield SB, Ross R. Low relative skeletal muscle mass (sarcopenia) in older persons is associated with functional impairment and physical disability. J Am Geriatr Soc. 2002;50:889–96.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  6. Janssen I, Shepard DS, Katzmarzyk PT, Roubenoff R. The healthcare costs of sarcopenia in the United States. J Am Geriatr Soc. 2004;52:80–5.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  7. Yu R, Wong M, Leung J, Lee J, Auyeung TW, Woo J. Incidence, reversibility, risk factors and the protective effect of high body mass index against sarcopenia in community-living older Chinese people. Geriatr Gerontol Int. 2014;14(Suppl 1):15–28.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  8. Fielding RA, Vellas B, Evans WJ, Bhasin S, Morley JE, Newman AB, et al. Sarcopenia: an undiagnosed condition in older adults. Current consensus definition: prevalence, etiology, and consequences. International working group on sarcopenia. J Am Med Dir Assoc. 2011;12:249–56.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  9. Chen LK, Liu LK, Woo J, Assantachai P, Auyeung TW, Bahyah KS, et al. Sarcopenia in Asia: consensus report of the Asian Working Group for Sarcopenia. J Am Med Dir Assoc. 2014;15:95–101.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  10. Studenski SA, Peters KW, Alley DE, Cawthon PM, McLean RR, Harris TB, et al. The FNIH sarcopenia project: rationale, study description, conference recommendations, and final estimates. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci. 2014;69:547–58.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  11. Wong SY, Kwok T, Woo J, Lynn H, Griffith JF, Leung J, et al. Bone mineral density and the risk of peripheral arterial disease in men and women: results from Mr. and Ms Os, Hong Kong. Osteoporos Int. 2005;16:1933–8.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  12. Woo J, Leung J, Morley JE. Defining sarcopenia in terms of incident adverse outcomes. J Am Med Dir Assoc. 2015;16:247–52.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  13. Shaw SC, Dennison EM, Cooper C. Epidemiology of sarcopenia: determinants throughout the life course. Calcif Tissue Int. 2017;101:229–47.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  14. Woo J, Cheung B, Tong C, Chan R. Impact of childhood experience of famine on body composition: DEX and beyond. In: Preedy V, Patel VB, editors. Handbook of famine, starvation and nutrient deprivation: from biology to policy. New York: Springer; 2017. p. 1–21.

    Google Scholar 

  15. Arden NK, Spector TD. Genetic influences on muscle strength, lean body mass, and bone mineral density: a twin study. J Bone Miner Res. 1997;12:2076–81.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  16. Christensen K, McGue M, Yashin A, Iachine I, Holm NV, Vaupel JW. Genetic and environmental influences on functional abilities in Danish twins aged 75 years and older. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci. 2000;55:M446–52.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  17. Tieland M, Trouwborst I, Clark BC. Skeletal muscle performance and ageing. J Cachexia Sarcopenia Muscle. 2017;9(1):3–19. https://doi.org/10.1002/jcsm.12238.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  18. Brown WF. A method for estimating the number of motor units in thenar muscles and the changes in motor unit count with ageing. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry. 1972;35:845–52.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  19. Doherty TJ, Vandervoort AA, Taylor AW, Brown WF. Effects of motor unit losses on strength in older men and women. J Appl Physiol. 1993;74:868–74.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  20. Coker RH, Wolfe RR. Bedrest and sarcopenia. Curr Opin Clin Nutr Metab Care. 2012;15:7–11.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  21. Lee JS, Auyeung TW, Kwok T, Lau EM, Leung PC, Woo J. Associated factors and health impact of sarcopenia in older Chinese men and women: a cross-sectional study. Gerontology. 2007;53:404–10.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  22. Han P, Yu H, Ma Y, Kang L, Fu L, Jia L, et al. The increased risk of sarcopenia in patients with cardiovascular risk factors in Suburb-Dwelling older Chinese using the AWGS definition. Sci Rep. 2017;7:9592.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  23. Dawson BM, Axford S. Nutrition as a part of healthy aging and reducing cardiovascular risk: improving functionality in later life using quality protein, with optimized timing and distribution. Semin Thromb Hemost. 2014;40:695–703.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  24. Morley JE, Argiles JM, Evans WJ, Bhasin S, Cella D, Deutz NE, et al. Nutritional recommendations for the management of sarcopenia. J Am Med Dir Assoc. 2010;11:391–6.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  25. Kim IY, Deutz NEP, Wolfe RR. Update on maximal anabolic response to dietary protein. Clin Nutr. 2017;37(2):411–8. pii: S0261-5614(17)30203-0.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  26. Wolfe RR, Miller SL, Miller KB. Optimal protein intake in the elderly. Clin Nutr. 2008;27:675–84.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  27. Mithal A, Bonjour JP, Boonen S, Burckhardt P, Degens H, El Hajj Fuleihan G, et al. Impact of nutrition on muscle mass, strength, and performance in older adults. Osteoporos Int. 2013;24:1555–66.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  28. Pannemans DL, Wagenmakers AJ, Westerterp KR, Schaafsma G, Halliday D. Effect of protein source and quantity on protein metabolism in elderly women. Am J Clin Nutr. 1998;68:1228–35.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  29. Campbell WW, Barton ML Jr, Cyr-Campbell D, Davey SL, Beard JL, Parise G, et al. Effects of an omnivorous diet compared with a lactoovovegetarian diet on resistance-training-induced changes in body composition and skeletal muscle in older men. Am J Clin Nutr. 1999;70:1032–9.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  30. Haub MD, Wells AM, Tarnopolsky MA, Campbell WW. Effect of protein source on resistive-training-induced changes in body composition and muscle size in older men. Am J Clin Nutr. 2002;76:511–7.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  31. Symons TB, Sheffield-Moore M, Wolfe RR, Paddon-Jones D. A moderate serving of high-quality protein maximally stimulates skeletal muscle protein synthesis in young and elderly subjects. J Am Diet Assoc. 2009;109:1582–6.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  32. Chan R, Leung J, Woo J, Kwok T. Associations of dietary protein intake on subsequent decline in muscle mass and physical functions over four years in ambulant older Chinese people. J Nutr Health Aging. 2014;18:171–7.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  33. Young VR. Soy protein in relation to human protein and amino acid nutrition. J Am Diet Assoc. 1991;91:828–35.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  34. Robinson SM, Reginster JY, Rizzoli R, Shaw SC, Kanis JA, Bautmans I, et al. Does nutrition play a role in the prevention and management of sarcopenia? Clin Nutr. 2017;37(4):1121–32. pii: S0261-5614(17)30299-6. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.clnu.2017.08.016.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  35. Chan R, Leung J, Woo J. Association between estimated net endogenous acid production and subsequent decline in muscle mass over four years in ambulatory older Chinese people in Hong Kong: a prospective cohort study. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci. 2015;70:905–11.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  36. Chan R, Zhu LY, Yeung S, Li L, Kwok T, Woo J. Dietary protein intake and protein sources and their associations with selected muscle and physical function measures in older Chinese adults with sarcopenia: preliminary findings. J Cachexia Sarcopenia Muscle. 2016;7:630.

    Google Scholar 

  37. Beasley JM, LaCroix AZ, Neuhouser ML, Huang Y, Tinker L, Woods N, et al. Protein intake and incident frailty in the Women’s Health Initiative observational study. J Am Geriatr Soc. 2010;58:1063–71.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  38. Houston DK, Nicklas BJ, Ding J, Harris TB, Tylavsky FA, Newman AB, et al. Dietary protein intake is associated with lean mass change in older, community-dwelling adults: the Health, Aging, and Body Composition (Health ABC) Study. Am J Clin Nutr. 2008;87:150–5.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Ruth Chan .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2019 Springer Nature Switzerland AG

About this chapter

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this chapter

Chan, R., Zhu, LY. (2019). Dietary Intake in Chinese Community-Dwelling Older Adults with Sarcopenia: A Focus on Protein. In: Weaver, C., Bischoff-Ferrari, H., Daly, R., Wong, MS. (eds) Nutritional Influences on Bone Health. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-98464-3_19

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-98464-3_19

  • Published:

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Cham

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-319-98463-6

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-319-98464-3

  • eBook Packages: MedicineMedicine (R0)

Publish with us

Policies and ethics