Abstract
Otolaryngologists have been at the forefront of creatively using simulation to enhance education, research, and system processes and are now at the forefront of developing simulators and expanding the field of simulation. Airway simulators have been used for almost 100 years, otology simulators for about 70 years, and soft tissue simulators for more than 30 years. Simulation has blossomed with a contemporary understanding of educational principles and quickly evolving methods of simulator fabrication. Simulators are being used in otology, sinus and rhinology, and airway and head and neck surgical skill development. Simulation is also being used to improve professionalism and teamwork skills and even to improve the systems we work within. This chapter provides a glimpse into the rapid growth of simulation in the field of otolaryngology and head and neck surgery.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
References
History: Jackson tracheotomy. http://abea.net/about/historical/jacksontracheotomy/index.html also available at https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=WbtAIjunttc.
History: Jackson speaks http://abea.net/about/historical/jacksonspeaks/index.html. Accessed 4/26/2012, 2012.
House ear institute: About. https://hei.org/about/.
Cook T, editor. Basic soft tissue surgery. Spokane: American Academy of Facial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery; 1982.
Wiet GJ, Stredney D, Kerwin T, et al. Virtual temporal bone dissection system: OSU virtual temporal bone system: development and testing. Laryngoscope. 2012;122(Suppl 1):S1–12.
Fried MP, Sadoughi B, Gibber MJ, et al. From virtual reality to the operating room: the endoscopic sinus surgery simulator experiment. Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 2010;142(2):202–7.
Johnson K, Geis G, Oehler J, et al. Simulation to implement a novel system of care for pediatric critical airway obstruction. Arch Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 2012;138(10):907–11.
Lee DJ, Fu TS, Carrillo B, Campisi P, Forte V, Chiodo A. Evaluation of an otoscopy simulator to teach otoscopy and normative anatomy to first year medical students. Laryngoscope. 2015;125(9):2159–62.
Chiesa Estomba CM, Melendez Garcia JM, Hamdam Zavarce MI, Betances Reinoso FA. The vigo grommet trainer. Eur Ann Otorhinolaryngol Head Neck Dis. 2015;132(1):53–5.
Volsky PG, Hughley BB, Peirce SM, Kesser BW. Construct validity of a simulator for myringotomy with ventilation tube insertion. Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 2009;141(5):603–8.e1.
Malekzadeh S, Hanna G, Wilson B, Pehlivanova M, Milmoe G. A model for training and evaluation of myringotomy and tube placement skills. Laryngoscope. 2011;121(7):1410–5.
Clark MPA, Westerberg BD, Mitchell JE. Development and validation of a low cost microsurgery ear trainer for low-resource settings. J Laryngol Otol. 2016;130:954–61.
Wheeler B, Doyle PC, Chandarana S, Agrawal S, Husein M, Ladak HM. Interactive computer-based simulator for training in blade navigation and targeting in myringotomy. Comput Methods Prog Biomed. 2010;98(2):130–9.
Sowerby LJ, Rehal G, Husein M, Doyle PC, Agrawal S, Ladak HM. Development and face validity testing of a three-dimensional myringotomy simulator with haptic feedback. J Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 2010;39(2):122–9.
Ho AK, Alsaffar H, Doyle PC, Ladak HM, Agrawal SK. Virtual reality myringotomy simulation with real-time deformation: development and validity testing. Laryngoscope. 2012;122(8):1844–51.
Monfared A, Mitteramskogler G, Gruber S, Salisbury JK Jr, Stampfl J, Blevins NH. High-fidelity, inexpensive surgical middle ear simulator. Otol Neurotol. 2012;33(9):1573–7.
Barber SR, Kozin ED, Dedmon M, et al. 3D-printed pediatric endoscopic ear surgery simulator for surgical training. Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol. 2016;90:113–8.
Anschuetz L, Bonali M, Ghirelli M, et al. An ovine model for exclusive endoscopic ear surgery. JAMA Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 2017;143(3):247–52.
Awad Z, Ahmed S, Taghi AS, et al. Feasibility of a synthetic temporal bone for training in mastoidectomy: face, content, and concurrent validity. Otol Neurotol. 2014;35(10):1813–8.
Da Cruz MJ, Francis HW. Face and content validation of a novel three-dimensional printed temporal bone for surgical skills development. J Laryngol Otol. 2015;129(Suppl 3):S23–9.
Mick PT, Arnoldner C, Mainprize JG, Symons SP, Chen JM. Face validity study of an artificial temporal bone for simulation surgery. Otol Neurotol. 2013;34(7):1305–10.
Mowry SE, Jammal H, Myer C, Solares CA, Weinberger P. A novel temporal bone simulation model using 3D printing techniques. Otol Neurotol. 2015;36(9):1562–5.
Hochman JB, Rhodes C, Wong D, Kraut J, Pisa J, Unger B. Comparison of cadaveric and isomorphic three-dimensional printed models in temporal bone education. Laryngoscope. 2015;125(10):2353–7.
Rose AS, Kimbell JS, Webster CE, Harrysson OLA, Formeister EJ, Buchman CA. Multi-material 3D models for temporal bone surgical simulation. Ann Otol Rhinol Laryngol. 2015;124(7):528–36.
Andersen SAW, Caye-Thomasen P, Sorensen MS. Mastoidectomy performance assessment of virtual simulation training using final-product analysis. Laryngoscope. 2015;125(2):431–5.
Zirkle M, Roberson DW, Leuwer R, Dubrowski A. Using a virtual reality temporal bone simulator to assess otolaryngology trainees. Laryngoscope. 2007;117(2):258–63.
Wiet GJ, Stredney D, Sessanna D, Bryan JA, Bradley Welling D, Schmalbrock P. Virtual temporal bone dissection: an interactive surgical simulator. Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 2002;127(1):79–83.
Sewell C, Morris D, Blevins NH, et al. Providing metrics and performance feedback in a surgical simulator. Comput Aided Surg. 2008;13(2):63–81.
Zhao YC, Kennedy G, Yukawa K, Pyman B, O’Leary S. Can virtual reality simulator be used as a training aid to improve cadaver temporal bone dissection? results of a randomized blinded control trial. Laryngoscope. 2011;121(4):831–7.
Tolisano AM, Justin GA, Ruhl DS, Cable BB. Rhinology and medical malpractice: an update of the medicolegal landscape of the last ten years. Laryngoscope. 2016;126(1):14–9.
Gross RD, Sheridan MF, Burgess LP. Endoscopic sinus surgery complications in residency. Laryngoscope. 1997;107(8):1080–5.
Awad Z, Touska P, Arora A, Ziprin P, Darzi A, Tolley NS. Face and content validity of sheep heads in endoscopic rhinology training. Int Forum Allergy Rhinol. 2014;4(10):851–8.
Ianacone DC, Gnadt BJ, Isaacson G. Ex vivo ovine model for head and neck surgical simulation. Am J Otolaryngol Head Neck Med Surg. 2016;37:272–8.
Edmond CV Jr. Impact of the endoscopic sinus surgical simulator on operating room performance. Laryngoscope. 2002;112(7 I):1148–58.
Agbetoba A, Luong A, Siow JK, et al. Educational utility of advanced three-dimensional virtual imaging in evaluating the anatomical configuration of the frontal recess. Int Forum Allergy Rhinol. 2016; https://doi.org/10.1002/alr.21864.
Glaser AY, Hall CB, Uribe SJI, Fried MP. Medical students’ attitudes toward the use of an endoscopic sinus surgery simulator as a training tool. Am J Rhinol. 2006;20(2):177–9.
Solyar A, Cuellar H, Sadoughi B, Olson TR, Fried MP. Endoscopic sinus surgery simulator as a teaching tool for anatomy education. Am J Surg. 2008;196(1):120–4.
Ecke U, Klimek L, Muller W, Ziegler R, Mann W. Virtual reality: preparation and execution of sinus surgery. Comput Aided Surg. 1998;3(1):45–50.
Caversaccio M, Eichenberger A, Hausler R. Virtual simulator as a training tool for endonasal surgery. Am J Rhinol. 2003;17(5):283–90.
Tolsdorff B, Pommert A, Hohne KH, et al. Virtual reality: a new paranasal sinus surgery simulator. Laryngoscope. 2010;120(2):420–6.
Arora A, Lau LYM, Awad Z, Darzi A, Singh A, Tolley N. Virtual reality simulation training in otolaryngology. Int J Surg. 2014;12(2):87–94.
Fried MP, Sadoughi B, Weghorst SJ, et al. Construct validity of the endoscopic sinus surgery simulator: II. Assessment of discriminant validity and expert benchmarking. Arch Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 2007;133(4):350–7.
Satava RM, Fried MP. A methodology for objective assessment of errors: an example using an endoscopic sinus surgery simulator. Otolaryngol Clin N Am. 2002;35(6):1289–301.
Arora H, Uribe J, Ralph W, et al. Assessment of construct validity of the endoscopic sinus surgery simulator. Arch Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 2005;131(3):217–21.
Gallagher AG, Cowie R, Crothers I, Jordan-Black J, Satava RM. PicSOr: an objective test of perceptual skill that predicts laparoscopic technical skill in three initial studies of laparoscopic performance. Surg Endosc. 2003;17(9):1468–71.
Fried MP, Satava R, Weghorst S, et al. Identifying and reducing errors with surgical simulation. Qual Saf Health Care. 2004;13(Suppl 1):19–26.
Uribe JI, Ralph WMJ, Glaser AY, Fried MP. Learning curves, acquisition, and retention of skills trained with the endoscopic sinus surgery simulator. Am J Rhinol. 2004;18(2):87–92.
Malekzadeh S, Pfisterer MJ, Wilson B, Na H, Steehler MK. A novel low-cost sinus surgery task trainer. Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 2011;145(4):530–3.
Steehler MK, Chu EE, Na H, Pfisterer MJ, Hesham HN, Malekzadeh S. Teaching and assessing endoscopic sinus surgery skills on a validated low-cost task trainer. Laryngoscope. 2013;123(4):841–4.
Harbison RA, Johnson K, Miller C, Sardesai M, Davis GE. Face, content, and construct validation of a low-cost, non-biologic, sinus surgery task trainer and knowledge-based curriculum. Int Forum Allergy Rhinol. 2016; https://doi.org/10.1002/alr.21883.
Deutsch ES, Christenson T, Curry J, Hossain J, Zur K, Jacobs I. Multimodality education for airway endoscopy skill development. Ann Otol Rhinol Laryngol. 2009;118(2):81–6.
Tompkins JJ. Use of simulation boot camps to train junior otolaryngology residents: a resident’s testimonial. JAMA Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 2014;140(5):1–2.
Howells TH, Emery FM, Twentyman JE. Endotracheal intubation training using a simulator. An evaluation of the Laerdal adult intubation model in the teaching of endotracheal intubation. Br J Anaesth. 1973;45(4):400–2.
Sawyer T, Strandjord TP, Johnson K, Low D. Neonatal airway simulators, how good are they? A comparative study of physical and functional fidelity. J Perinatol. 2016;36(2):151–6.
Hesselfeldt R, Kristensen MS, Rasmussen LS. Evaluation of the airway of the SimMan full-scale patient simulator. Acta Anaesthesiol Scand. 2005;49(9):1339–45.
Schebesta K, Hupfl M, Ringl H, Machata A, Chiari A, Kimberger O. A comparison of paediatric airway anatomy with the SimBaby high-fidelity patient simulator. Resuscitation. 2011;82(4):468–72.
Dedmon MM, Paddle PM, Phillips J, Kobayashi L, Franco RA, Song PC. Development and validation of a high-fidelity porcine laryngeal surgical simulator. Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 2015;153(3):420–6.
Amin M, Rosen CA, Simpson CB, Postma GN. Hands-on training methods for vocal fold injection education. Ann Otol Rhinol Laryngol. 2007;116(1):1–6.
Fleming J, Kapoor K, Sevdalis N, Harries M. Validation of an operating room immersive microlaryngoscopy simulator. Laryngoscope. 2012;122(5):1099–103.
Ross PD, Steven R, Zhang D, Li H, Abel EW. Computer-assessed performance of psychomotor skills in endoscopic otolaryngology surgery: construct validity of the Dundee endoscopic psychomotor otolaryngology surgery trainer (DEPOST). Surg Endosc. 2015;29(11):3125–31.
Ainsworth TA, Kobler JB, Loan GJ, Burns JA. Simulation model for transcervical laryngeal injection providing real-time feedback. Ann Otol Rhinol Laryngol. 2014;123(12):881–6.
Contag SP, Klein AM, Blount AC, Johns MM III. Validation of a laryngeal dissection module for phonomicrosurgical training. Laryngoscope. 2009;119(1):211–5.
Holliday MA, Bones VM, Malekzadeh S, Grant NN. Low-cost modular phonosurgery training station: development and validation. Laryngoscope. 2015;125(6):1409–13.
Cabrera-Muffly C, Clary MS, Abaza M. A low-cost transcervical laryngeal injection trainer. Laryngoscope. 2016;126(4):901–5.
Broadhurst MS, Kobler JB, Burns JA, Anderson RR, Zeitels SM. Chick chorioallantoic membrane as a model for simulating human true vocal folds. Ann Otol Rhinol Laryngol. 2007;116(12):917–21.
Rowe R, Cohen RA. An evaluation of a virtual reality airway simulator. Anesth Analg. 2002;95(1):62–6.
Mandal S, Patel ARC, Goldring JJP. A simulated bronchoscopy course for new specialist trainees. Thorax. 2010;65:A117.
Patel ARC, Mandal S, Goldring JJP. Simulated bronchoscopy training delivered by experienced peers improves confidence of new trainees. Thorax. 2010;65:A116.
Pastis NJ, Vanderbilt AA, Tanner NT, et al. Construct validity of the simbionix bronch mentor simulator for essential bronchoscopic skills. J Bronchology Interv Pulmonol. 2014;21(4):314–21.
Vaidyanath C, Sharma M, Mistry V, Mendonca C. ORSIM bronchoscopy simulator improves psychomotor skills for fibreoptic intubation amongst novices. Br J Anaesth. 2013;111(4):684–91.
Bronchoscopy simulator. http://www.thoracic-anesthesia.com/?page_id=2. Updated 2016.
Scott GM, Roth K, Rotenberg B, Sommer DD, Sowerby L, Fung K. Evaluation of a novel high-fidelity epistaxis task trainer. Laryngoscope. 2016;126(7):1501–3.
Pettineo CM, Vozenilek JA, Kharasch M, Wang E, Aitchison P. Epistaxis simulator. Simul Healthc. 2008;3(4):239–41.
Pearson CR, Wallace HC. The tonsil cup: a simple teaching aid for tonsillectomy. J Laryngol Otol. 1997;111(11):1064–5.
Duodu J, Lesser THJ. Tonsil tie simulator. J Laryngol Otol. 2013;127(9):924–6.
Street I, Beech T, Jennings C. The Birmingham trainer: a simulator for ligating the lower tonsillar pole. Clin Otolaryngol. 2006;31(1):79.
Raja MK, Haneefa MA, Chidambaram A. Yorick’s skull model for tonsillectomy tie training. Clin Otolaryngol. 2008;33(2):187–8.
Ruthenbeck GS, Tan SB, Carney AS, Hobson JC, Reynolds KJ. A virtual-reality subtotal tonsillectomy simulator. J Laryngol Otol. 2012;126(Suppl 2):S8–13.
Bunting H, Wilson BM, Malloy KM, Malekzadeh S. A novel peritonsillar abscess simulator. Simul Healthc. 2015;10(5):320–5.
Taylor SR, Chang CWD. Gelatin facial skin simulator for cutaneous reconstruction. Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 2016;154(2):279–81.
Giblett N, Hari C. Introducing a realistic and reusable quinsy simulator. J Laryngol Otol. 2016;130(2):201–3.
Walliczek U, Förtsch A, Dworschak P, et al. Effect of training frequency on the learning curve on the da Vinci skills simulator. Head Neck. 2016;38(S1):E1762–9.
Walliczek-Dworschak U, Mandapathil M, Förtsch A, et al. Structured training on the da Vinci skills simulator leads to improvement in technical performance of robotic novices. Clin Otolaryngol. 2016;42(1). https://doi.org/10.1111/coa.12666.
Zhang N, Sumer BD. Transoral robotic surgery: simulation-based standardized training. JAMA Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 2013;139(11):1111–7.
Sperry SM, O'Malley BWJ, Weinstein GS. The university of Pennsylvania curriculum for training otorhinolaryngology residents in transoral robotic surgery. ORL J Otorhinolaryngol Relat Spec. 2014;76(6):342–52.
Janus JR, Hamilton GS. The use of open-cell foam and elastic foam tape as an affordable skin simulator for teaching suture technique. JAMA Facial Plast Surg. 2013;15(5):385–7.
Gilmour A, Taghizadeh R, Payne CE. The educational hand and head: novel teaching tools in the design and execution of local flaps. J Plast Reconstr Aesthet Surg. 2012;65(7):981–2.
Souza IA, Sanches CJ, Zuffo MK. A virtual reality simulator for training of needle biopsy of thyroid gland nodules. Stud Health Technol Inform. 2009;142:352–7.
Griffin GR, Rosenbaum S, Hecht S, Sun GH. Development of a moderate fidelity neck-dissection simulator. Laryngoscope. 2013;123(7):1682–5.
Allak A, Liu YE, Oliynyk MS, Weng KH, Jameson MJ, Shonka DCJ. Development and evaluation of a rigid esophagoscopy simulator for residency training. Laryngoscope. 2016;126(3):616–9.
Joint commission online. http://www.jointcommission.org/assets/1/23/jconline_April_29_15.pdf. Updated 2015.
Burke CS, Salas E, Wilson-Donnelly K, Priest H. How to turn a team of experts into an expert medical team: guidance from the aviation and military communities. Qual Saf Health Care. 2004;13(Suppl 1):96–104.
Weller J, Boyd M, Cumin D. Teams, tribes and patient safety: overcoming barriers to effective teamwork in healthcare. Postgrad Med J. 2014;90(1061):149–54.
Endsley MR. Toward a theory of situation awareness in dynamic systems. Hum Factors. 1995;37(1):32–64.
Geis GL, Pio B, Pendergrass TL, Moyer MR, Patterson MD. Simulation to assess the safety of new healthcare teams and new facilities. Simul Healthc. 2011;6(3):125–33.
Volk MS, Ward J, Irias N, Navedo A, Pollart J, Weinstock PH. Using medical simulation to teach crisis resource management and decision-making skills to otolaryngology housestaff. Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 2011;145(1):35–42.
Weintraub AY, Deutsch ES, Hales RL, Buchanan NA, Rock WL, Rehman MA. Using high-technology simulators to prepare anesthesia providers before implementation of a new electronic health record module: a technical report. Anesth Analg. 2017;124(6):1815–9.
Guise J, Mladenovic J. In situ simulation: identification of systems issues. Semin Perinatol. 2013;37(3):161–5.
Mark LJ, Herzer KR, Cover R, et al. Difficult airway response team: a novel quality improvement program for managing hospital-wide airway emergencies. Anesth Analg. 2015;121(1):127–39.
Jones CE, Hollis RH, Wahl TS, et al. Transitional care interventions and hospital readmissions in surgical populations: a systematic review. Am J Surgery. 2016;212(2):327–35.
The affordable care act: helping providers help patients. A menu of options for improving care. https://www.cms.gov/Medicare/Medicare-Fee-for-Service-Payment/ACO/downloads/ACO-Menu-Of-Options.pdf.
Ziv A, Wolpe PR, Small SD, Glick S. Simulation-based medical education: an ethical imperative. Acad Med. 2003;78(8):783–8.
Deutsch ES. High-fidelity patient simulation manniquins to facilitate aerodigestive endoscopy training. Arch Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 2008;134(6):625–9.
Deutsch ES, Malloy KM, Malekzadeh S. Simulation-based otorhinolaryngology emergencies boot camp: part 3: complex teamwork scenarios and conclusions. Laryngoscope. 2014;124(7):1570–2.
Malekzadeh S, Deutsch ES, Malloy KM. Simulation-based otorhinolaryngology emergencies boot camp: part 2: special skills using task trainers. Laryngoscope. 2014;124(7):1566–9.
Malloy KM, Malekzadeh S, Deutsch ES. Simulation-based otorhinolaryngology emergencies boot camp: part 1: curriculum design and airway skills. Laryngoscope. 2014;124(7):1562–5.
Deutsch ES, Orioles A, Kreicher K, Malloy KM, Rodgers DL. A qualitative analysis of faculty motivation to participate in otolaryngology simulation boot camps. Laryngoscope. 2013;123(4):890–7.
ACGME program requirements for graduate medical education in otolaryngology. https://www.acgme.org/Portals/0/280_otolaryngology_PRs_RC.pdf.
The otolaryngology milestone project. https://www.acgme.org/Portals/0/PDFs/Milestones/OtolaryngologyMilestones.pdf. Updated 2013.
Javia L, Deutsch ES. A systematic review of simulators in otolaryngology. Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 2012;147(6):999–1011.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2019 Springer Nature Switzerland AG
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Javia, L., Sardesai, M.G., Deutsch, E.S. (2019). Simulation in Otolaryngology. In: Stefanidis, D., Korndorffer Jr., J., Sweet, R. (eds) Comprehensive Healthcare Simulation: Surgery and Surgical Subspecialties. Comprehensive Healthcare Simulation. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-98276-2_23
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-98276-2_23
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Cham
Print ISBN: 978-3-319-98275-5
Online ISBN: 978-3-319-98276-2
eBook Packages: MedicineMedicine (R0)