Skip to main content

Mentoring in Rheumatology

  • Chapter
  • First Online:
  • 1367 Accesses

Abstract

Statistics say that we spend about 80% of our time communicating during any given day. It is likely that we spend much of that time puzzled about the perceptions, views and responses coming from our mentees or mentors (e.g. What is this meeting about? Why are we meeting now? What am I expected to do? What planet is my senior/junior colleague from?). It is to minimize this puzzlement that mentorship has booked its place in medicine in general and rheumatology in particular.

Medical students, trainees, research fellows and junior faculty all benefit from the direction provided by academic mentors and research supervisors. The literature contains numerous reports on the importance of mentorship in helping facilitate the future success of medical trainees, documenting benefits such as more productive research careers, greater career satisfaction, better preparation in making career decisions, networking within a profession and aiding in stress management. This chapter describes several key points about mentoring in medicine and its role in developing rheumatology career. It will address the complexity and challenges as well as examples of problems solving in medical mentoring.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution.

Buying options

Chapter
USD   29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD   89.00
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD   119.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD   169.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Learn about institutional subscriptions

References

  1. Standing Committee on Postgraduate Medical and Dental Education (SCOPME): 22 SCOPME Report. 1998. http://www.mcgl.dircon.co.uk/scopme/mentor5.pdf.

  2. Feldman MD, Huang L, Guglielmo BJ, et al. Training the next generation of research mentors: the University of California, San Francisco, Clinical & Translational Science Institute Mentor Development Program. Clin Transl Sci. 2009;2:216–21.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  3. Stamm M, Buddeberg-Fischer B. The impact of mentoring during postgraduate training on doctors’ career success. Med Educ. 2011;45:488–96.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  4. Feldmann MD, Arean PA, Marshall SJ, Lovett M, O’Sullivan P. Does mentoring matter: results from a survey of faculty mentees at a large health sciences university. Med Educ Online. 2010;15:5063.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  5. McKenna AM, Straus SE. Charting a professional course: a review of mentorship in medicine. J Am Coll Radiol. 2011;8:109–12.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  6. Donovan A. Views of radiology program directors on the role of mentorship in the training of radiology residents. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 2010;194:704–8.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  7. Rhodes JE. Stand by me: the risks and rewards of mentoring today’s youth. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press; 2002.

    Google Scholar 

  8. Ainsworth MDS. Attachments beyond infancy. Am Psychol. 1989;44:709–16.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  9. Jacobi M. Mentoring and undergraduate academic success. A review of the literature. Rev Educ Res. 1991;61:505–32.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  10. Austin AE. Preparing the next generation of faculty. J High Educ. 2002;73:94–122.

    Google Scholar 

  11. Kram KE. Mentoring at work. Glenview: Scott Foresman; 1985.

    Google Scholar 

  12. Eby LT. Alternative forms of mentoring in changing organizational environments: a conceptual extension of the mentoring literature. J Vocat Behav. 1997;51:125–44.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  13. Palepu A, Friedman RH, Barnett RC, et al. Junior faculty members’ mentoring relationships and their professional development in US medical schools. Acad Med. 1998;73:318–23.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  14. Stange KC, Heckelman FP. Mentoring needs and family medicine faculty. Fam Med. 1990;22:183–5.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  15. Morzinski JA, Diehr S, Bower DJ, Simpson DE. A descriptive, crosssectional study of formal mentoring for faculty. Fam Med. 1996;28:434–8.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  16. Rogers JC, Holloway RL, Miller SM. Academic mentoring and family medicine’s research productivity. Fam Med. 1990;22:186–90.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  17. Pololi LH, Knight SM, Dennis K, Frankel RM. Helping medical school faculty realize their dreams: an innovative collaborative mentoring program. Acad Med. 2002;77:377–83.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  18. Jackson VA, Palepu A, Szalacha L, Caswell C, Carr PL, Inui T. “Having the right chemistry”: a qualitative study of mentoring in academic medicine. Acad Med. 2003;78:328–34.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  19. Woods SE, Reid A, Arndt JE, Curtis P, Stritter FT. Collegial networking and faculty vitality. Fam Med. 1997;29:45–9.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  20. Cadman EC. The academic physician–investigator: a crisis not to be ignored. Ann Intern Med. 1994;120:401–10.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  21. Illes J, Glover GH, Wexler L, Leung AN, Glazer GM. A model for faculty mentoring in academic radiology. Acad Radiol. 2000;7:959.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  22. Edwards K. “Short stops”: peer support of scholarly activity. Acad Med. 2002;77:9.

    Google Scholar 

  23. Bligh J. Mentoring: an invisible support network. Med Educ. 1999;33:2–3.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  24. SCOPME An Enquiry into Mentoring. Supporting doctors and dentists at work. London: Standing Committee on Postgraduate Medical and Dental Education; 1998.

    Google Scholar 

  25. Kohrs FP, Mainous AG. Retention of family medicine faculty development fellows in academic medicine. Fam Med. 1999;30:23–7.

    Google Scholar 

  26. Shanafelt TD, Sloan JA, Habermann TM. The well-being of physicians. Am J Med. 2003;114:513–9.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  27. Deckard GJ, Hicks L, Hamory BH. The occurrence and distribution of burnout among infectious disease physicians. J Infect Dis. 1992;165:224–8.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  28. Whippen DA, Canellos GP. Burnout syndrome in the practice of oncology: results of a random survey of 1000 oncologists. J Clin Oncol. 1991;9:1916–20.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  29. Wilkinson D. International working party to promote and revitalise academic medicine. ICRAM (the International Campaign to Revitalise Academic Medicine): agenda setting. BMJ. 2004;329(7469):787–9.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  30. Sambunjak D, Straus SE, Marušić A. Mentoring in academic medicine: a systematic review. JAMA. 2006;296:1103–15.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  31. Townsend KC, McWhirter BT. Connectedness: a review of the literature with implications for counseling, assessment and research. J Couns Dev. 2005;83:191–201.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  32. Sambunjak D, Straus SE, Marusic A. A systematic review of qualitative research on the meaning and characteristics of mentoring in academic medicine. J Gen Intern Med. 2010;25(1):72–8.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  33. WHO recommendations for clinical mentoring to support scale-up of HIV care, antiretroviral therapy and prevention in resource-constrained settings (2005). file:///F:/Teaching%20Rheumatology/Mentoring/WHO%20recommendations%20for%20mentorship.pdf.

    Google Scholar 

  34. Fowler J. Supporting self and others: from staff nurse to nurse consultant. Part 5: clinical supervision. Br J Nurs. 2011;20(13):830.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  35. Drain PK, Primack A, Hunt DD, Fawzi WW, Holmes KK, Gardner P. Global health in medical education: a call for more training and opportunities. Acad Med. 2007;82(3):226–30.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  36. Ravdin JI, Peterson PK, Wing E, Ibrahim T, Sande MA. Globalization: a new dimension for academic internal medicine. Am J Med. 2006;119(9):805–10.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  37. SCOPME. Standing committee on postgraduate medical and dental education. An enquiry into mentoring. A SCOPME report. London: London Department of Health; 1998.

    Google Scholar 

  38. Bower DJ, Diehr S, Morzinski JA, Simpson DE. Support-challenge-vision: a model for faculty mentoring. Med Teach. 1998;20(6):595–7.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  39. Sciences NAO. Advisor, teacher, role model, friend: on being a mentor to students in sciences and engineering. Washington, DC: National Academy of Sciences; 1997.

    Google Scholar 

  40. Manabe YC, Jacob ST, Thomas D, Quinn TC, Ronald A, Coutinho A, Mayanja-Kizza H, Merry C. Resurrecting the triple threat: academic social responsibility in the context of global health research. Clin Infect Dis. 2009;48(10):1420–2.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  41. Stewart MG. Accreditation council on graduate medical education core competencies. 2001. Accessed on 4 Feb 2018. Available at http://www.acgme.org/acWebsite/RRC_280/280_coreComp.asp

  42. I-TECH. Clinical mentoring toolkit. 2008. Accessed on 4 Feb 2018. Available at www.go2itech.org/resources/toolkits.

  43. Shah S, Nodell B, Montano S, Behrens C, Zun J. Clinical research and global health: mentoring the next generation of health care students. Glob Public Health. 2011;6(3):234–46.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  44. Berk RA, Berg J, Mortimer R, Walton-Moss B, Yeo TP. Measuring the effectiveness of faculty mentoring relationships. Acad Med. 2005;80(1):66–71.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  45. NIH. Careertrac. 2009. Available at https://careertrac.fic.nih.gov/Welcome.do?recordSet=trainee.

  46. Singer PA, Benatar SR. Beyond Helsinki: a vision for global health ethics. BMJ. 2001;322(7289):747–8.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  47. Abbasi NR, Godkin M. Limits on student participation in patient care in foreign medical brigades. Virtual Mentor. 2006;8(12):808–13.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  48. Drain PK, Holmes KK, Skeff KM, Hall TL, Gardner P. Global health training and international clinical rotations during residency: current status, needs, and opportunities. Acad Med. 2009;84(3):320–5.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  49. Palepu A, Friedman RH, Barnett RC, et al. Junior faculty members’ mentoring relationships and their professional development in U.S. medical schools. Acad Med. 1998;73:318–23.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  50. Sambunjak D, Straus SE, Marušić A. Mentoring in academic medicine: a systematic review. JAMA. 2006;296:1103–15.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  51. Straus SE, Chatur F, Taylor M. Issues in the mentor–mentee relationship in academic medicine: a qualitative study. Acad Med. 2009;84:135–9.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  52. Cho CS, Ramanan RA, Feldman MD. Defining the ideal qualities of mentorship: a qualitative analysis of the characteristics of outstanding mentors. Am J Med. 2011;124:453–8.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  53. De Castro R, Griffith K, Ubel P, Stewart A, Jagsi R. Mentoring and the career satisfaction of male and female academic medical faculty. Acad Med. 2014;89(2):301–11.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  54. Herrmann N. The whole brain business book. New York: McGraw-Hill; 1996.

    Google Scholar 

  55. De Boer A, Steyn T, Du Toit PH. Whole brain teaching for whole brain learners. S Afr J High Educ. 2001;15(3):188–93.

    Google Scholar 

  56. Lechuga VM. Faculty-graduate student mentoring relationships: mentors’ perceived roles and responsibilities. High Educ. 2011;62:757–71. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10734-011-9416-0.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  57. Lunsford L. Doctoral advising or mentoring? Effects on student outcomes. Mentoring Tutoring: Partnership Learn. 2012;20:251–70. https://doi.org/10.1080/13611267.2012.678974.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  58. Mansson DH, Myers SA. Using mentoring enactment theory to explore the doctoral student–advisor mentoring relationship. Commun Educ. 2012;61:309–34. https://doi.org/10.1080/03634523.2012.708424.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  59. Ogunyemi D, Solnik JM, Alexander J, Fong A, Azziz R. Promoting residents’ professional development and academic productivity using a structured faculty mentoring. Program, Teach Learn Med: Int J. 2010;22:93–6. https://doi.org/10.1080/10401331003656413.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  60. Lumpkin A. A model for mentoring university faculty. Educ Forum. 2011;75:357–68. https://doi.org/10.1080/00131725.2011.602466.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  61. Cavendish SE. Mentoring matters: the influence of social support and relational maintenance strategies on critical outcomes in doctoral education (Unpublished PhD thesis). Kentucky: University of Kentucky; 2007. Retrieved from http://uknowledge.uky.edu/gradschool_diss/498.

  62. Gibson SK. Being mentored: the experience of women faculty. J Career Dev. 2004;30:173–88. https://doi.org/10.1023/B:JOCD.0000015538.41144.2b.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  63. Allen TD, Eby L, Poteet ML, Lentz E. Career benefits associated with mentoring for protégés: a meta analysis. J Appl Psychol. 2004;89:127–36. https://doi.org/10.1037/0021-9010.89.1.127.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  64. Ensher EA, Thomas C, Murphy SE. Comparison of traditional, stepahead, and peer mentoring on protégés support, satisfaction, and perceptions of career success: a social exchange perspective. J Bus Psychol. 2001;15:419–38. https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1007870600459.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  65. Judge TA, Cable DM, Boudreau JW, Bretz RD. An empirical investigation of the predictors of executive career success. Pers Psychol. 1995;48:485–519. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1744-6570.1995.tb01767.x.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  66. Seibert SE, Kraimer ML. The five-factor model of personality and career success. J Vocat Behav. 2001;58:1–21. https://doi.org/10.1006/jvbe.2000.1757.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  67. Dreher GF, Ash RA. A comparative study of mentoring among men and women in managerial, professional, and technical positions. J Appl Psychol. 1990;75:539–46. https://doi.org/10.1037/0021-9010.75.5.539.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  68. Mathews P. Academic mentoring: enhancing the use of scarce resources. Educ Manag Adm Leadersh. 2003;31:313–34. https://doi.org/10.1177/0263211X03031003007.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  69. Schrodt P, Cawyer CS, Sanders R. An examination of academic mentoring behaviors and new faculty members’ satisfaction with socialization and tenure and promotion processes. Commun Educ. 2003;52:17–29. https://doi.org/10.1080/03634520302461.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  70. Underhill CM. The effectiveness of mentoring programs in corporate settings: a meta-analytical review of the literature. J Vocat Behav. 2006;68:292–307. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jvb.2005.05.003.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  71. Ley TJ, Hamilton BH. The gender gap in NIH grant applications. Science. 2008;322:1472–4.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  72. Jagsi R, Motomura AR, Griffith KA, Rangarajan S, Ubel PA. Sex differences in attainment of independent funding by career development awardees. Ann Intern Med. 2009;151:804–11.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  73. Jagsi R, DeCastro R, Griffith KA, et al. Similarities and differences in the career trajectories of male and female career development award recipients. Acad Med. 2011;86:1415–21.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  74. Pohlhaus JR, Jiang H, Wagner RM, Schaffer WT, Pinn VW. Sex differences in application, success, and funding rates for NIH extramural programs. Acad Med. 2011;86:759–67.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  75. Martinez ED, Botos J, Dohoney KM, et al. Falling off the academic bandwagon. Women are more likely to quit at the postdoc to principal investigator transition. EMBO Rep. 2007;8:977–81.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  76. Institute for clinical research education. University of Pittsburgh. https://www.icre.pitt.edu/index.aspx. (Accessed on 4 Feb 2018).

  77. Benner P. From novice to expert: excellence and power in clinical nursing practice. Menlo Park: Addison-Wesley; 1984.

    Google Scholar 

  78. Benner P. From novice to expert: excellence and power in clinical nursing practice. Upper Saddle River: Prentice-Hall; 2001.

    Google Scholar 

  79. Peplau H. Interpersonal relations in nursing: a conceptual frame of reference for psychodynamic nursing. New York: Putnam; 1952.

    Google Scholar 

  80. Peplau HE. Interpersonal relations: a theoretical framework for application in nursing practice. Nurs Sci Q. 1992;5(1):13–8.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  81. Peplau HE. Peplau’s theory of interpersonal relations. Nurs Sci Q. 1997;10(4):162–7.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  82. Vance C. A group profile of influentials in American nursing, M.S. dissertation, Columbia University Teacher’s College. 1977.

    Google Scholar 

  83. Darwin A, Palmer E. Mentoring circles in higher education. High Educ Res Dev. 2009;28:125–36. https://doi.org/10.1080/07294360902725017.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  84. Kram KE. Phases of the mentor relationship. Acad Manag J. 1983;26:608–25. https://doi.org/10.2307/255910.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  85. Rheumatology ACo. 2015. Workforce Study [cited 2016 Dec 8]. Available from: http://www.rheumatology.org/Learning-Center/Statistics/Workforce-Study.

  86. Ogdie A, Shah AA, Makris UE, Jiang Y, Nelson AE, Kim AH, et al. Barriers to and facilitators of a career as a physician-scientist among rheumatologists in the US. Arthritis Care Res. 2015;67(9):1191–201.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  87. Wilkes M, Feldman MD. Mentoring clinical trainees: a need for high touch. Lancet (London, England). 2017;389(10065):135–7.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  88. Frank-Bertoncelj M, Hatemi G, Ospelt C, Ramiro S, Machado P, Mandl P, Gossec L, Buch MH. Mentoring of young professionals in the field of rheumatology in Europe: results from an EMerging EUlar NETwork (EMEUNET) survey. Clin Exp Rheumatol. 2014;32(6):935–41.

    Google Scholar 

  89. Kashiwagi DT, Varkey P, Cook DA. Mentoring programs for physicians in academic medicine: a systematic review. Acad Med: J Assoc Am Med Coll. 2013;88(7):1029–37.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  90. Silet KA, Asquith P, Fleming MF. Survey of mentoring programs for KL2 scholars. Clin Transl Sci. 2010;3(6):299–304.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  91. Meagher E, Taylor L, Probsfield J, Fleming M. Evaluating research mentors working in the area of clinical translational science: a review of the literature. Clin Transl Sci. 2011;4(5):353–8.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  92. Chen CM, Lou MF. The effectiveness and application of mentorship programmes for recently registered nurses: a systematic review. J Nurs Manag. 2014;22(4):433–42.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  93. Moorthy LN, Muscal E, Riebschleger M, Klein-Gitelman M, Nigrovic LE, Horon JR, et al. Efficacy of an interinstitutional mentoring program within pediatric rheumatology. Arthritis Care Res. 2016;68(5):645–51.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  94. Sandhu S, Veinot P, Embuldeniya G, Brooks S, et al. Peer-to-peer mentoring for individuals with early inflammatory arthritis: feasibility pilot. BMJ Open. 2013;3:e002267.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  95. Rheumatology ACo. AMIGO 2016 [cited 2016 Dec 14]. Available from: http://www.rheumatology.org/Get-Involved/Mentoring/AMIGO.

  96. Maisel NC, Halvorson MA, Finney JW, Bi X, Hayashi KP, Blonigen DM, et al. Institutional incentives for mentoring at the US Department of veterans affairs and universities: associations with Mentors’ perceptions and time spent mentoring. Acad Med: J Assoc Am Med Coll. 2017;92:521–7. Epub.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  97. Feldman MD, Steinauer JE, Khalili M, Huang L, Kahn JS, Lee KA, et al. A mentor development program for clinical translational science faculty leads to sustained, improved confidence in mentoring skills. Clin Transl Sci. 2012;5(4):362–7.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  98. Ogdie A, Sparks JA, Angeles-Han ST, Bush K, Castelino FV, Golding A, Jiang Y, Kahlenberg JM, AHJ K, Lee YC, Machireddy K, Ombrello MJ, Shah AA, Wallace ZS, Nigrovic PA, Makris UE. Barriers and facilitators of mentoring for trainees and early career investigators in rheumatology research: current state, identification of needs, and roadmap to an inter-institutional adult rheumatology mentoring program. Arthritis Care Res (Hoboken). 2017; https://doi.org/10.1002/acr.23286.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  99. Ramani S, Gruppen L, Kachur EK. Twelve tips for developing effective mentors. Med Teach. 2006;28:404–8.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  100. Taherian K, Shekarchian M. Mentoring for doctors. Do its benefits outweigh its disadvantages? Med Teach. 2008;30:e95–9.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  101. Connor MP, Bynoe AG, Redfern N, Pokora J, Clarke J. Developing senior doctors as mentors: a form of continuing professional development. Report of an initiative to develop a network of senior doctors as mentors: 1994–99. Med Educ. 2000;34:747–53.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  102. Omary MB. Mentoring the mentors: another tool to enhance mentorship. Gastroenterology. 2008;135:13–6.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  103. Brown SL, Nesse RM, Vinokur AD, Smith DM. Providing social support may be more beneficial than receiving it. Psychol Sci. 2003;14:320–7.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  104. Penner LA, Dovidio JF, Piliavinn JA, Schroeder DA. Prosocial behavior: multilevel perspectives. Annu Rev Psychol. 2005;56:365–92.

    Article  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2019 Springer Nature Switzerland AG

About this chapter

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this chapter

El Miedany, Y. (2019). Mentoring in Rheumatology. In: Rheumatology Teaching. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-98213-7_22

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-98213-7_22

  • Published:

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Cham

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-319-98212-0

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-319-98213-7

  • eBook Packages: MedicineMedicine (R0)

Publish with us

Policies and ethics