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Diagnosis of Heart Failure

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Heart Failure

Part of the book series: Cardiovascular Medicine ((CVM))

Abstract

Heart failure can be challenging to diagnose given the spectrum of associated symptoms and the overlap of those symptoms with other diseases (e.g. renal, pulmonary, hepatic) as well as with aging and frailty. Despite advances in modern medicine, the history and physical exam remain the cornerstone of the diagnosis of heart failure, whether acute or chronic. The patient’s history is highlighted by symptoms of fluid overload (“backward failure”), decreased cardiac output (“forward failure”), or both.

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  1. Karolinska Institutet, Department of Medicine, Stockholm, Sweden

    Kevin J. Clerkin, Donna M. Mancini & Lars H. Lund

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  1. Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, USA

    David S. Feldman

  2. Clinic im Park, Cardiovascular Center Zürich, Hirslanden Zurich, Switzerland

    Paul Mohacsi

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Clerkin, K.J., Mancini, D.M., Lund, L.H. (2019). Diagnosis of Heart Failure. In: Feldman, D., Mohacsi, P. (eds) Heart Failure. Cardiovascular Medicine. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-98184-0_6

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