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Apoptotic Cell Clearance in Gut Tissue: Role of Intestinal Regeneration

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Autophagy in Health and Disease

Part of the book series: Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine ((STEMCELL))

Abstract

Intestinal epithelial cells play a critical role in nutrient absorption as well as in protection against infection by pathogenic microorganisms. The cells drop out in a few days, and regeneration occurs subsequently; cells are eliminated by apoptosis. Clearance of dead cells frequently occurs in the intestinal tract, and apoptotic cells and phagocytes cooperate to facilitate cell clearance quickly and efficiently. The complex signaling network for cell clearance is well-understood. In recent years, the mechanism of programmed cell death accompanied by autophagy has been elucidated, and it has become clear that autophagy is involved in inflammation and intestinal tract diseases. In this review, we discuss intestinal regeneration and intestinal diseases through phagocytic clearance and autophagy of apoptotic cells.

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Abbreviations

ATG16L1 :

Autophagy-related 16-like 1

ATP:

Adenosine triphosphate

C1q:

Complement 1q

CD:

Crohn’s disease

CD14:

Cluster of differentiation 14

CD31:

Cluster of differentiation 31

CD36:

Cluster of differentiation 36

CD47:

Cluster of differentiation 47

CD91:

Cluster of differentiation 91

CX3CL1:

Chemokine, CX3C motif, ligand 1

EGF:

Epidermal growth factor

GTPase:

Guanosinetriphosphatase

GWAS:

Genome-wide association studies

ICAM3:

Including intercellular adhesion molecule 3

IEL:

Intraepithelial lymphocyte

LDL:

Low density lipoprotein

LPC:

Lysophosphatidylcholine

LRP1:

Low density lipoprotein receptor-related protein 1

MFGE8:

Milk fat globule-EGF-factor 8

NOD2 :

Nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain 2

PtdSer:

Phosphatidylserine

RGD:

Arginine-Glycine-Aspartic Acid

ROS:

Reactive oxygen species

S1P:

Sphingosine-1-phosphate

TGF:

Transforming growth factor

THP-1:

Tamm–Horsfall glycoprotein-1

TIM1:

T-cell immunoglobulin and mucin containing protein-1

TIM4:

T-cell immunoglobulin and mucin containing protein-4

UTP:

Uridine triphosphate

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan

    Yasunao Numata, Daisuke Hirayama, Kohei Wagatsuma, Tomoya Iida & Hiroshi Nakase

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  1. Yasunao Numata
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  2. Daisuke Hirayama
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  3. Kohei Wagatsuma
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  4. Tomoya Iida
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  1. Ottawa, ON, Canada

    Kursad Turksen

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Numata, Y., Hirayama, D., Wagatsuma, K., Iida, T., Nakase, H. (2018). Apoptotic Cell Clearance in Gut Tissue: Role of Intestinal Regeneration. In: Turksen, K. (eds) Autophagy in Health and Disease. Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine. Humana Press, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-98146-8_6

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