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Retinal Ganglion Cell Replacement: A Bridge to the Brain

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Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Therapy for the Eye

Part of the book series: Fundamental Biomedical Technologies ((FBMT))

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Abstract

An estimated 3% of the global population over 40 years of age currently has glaucoma. The early onset of retinal ganglion cells (RGC) loss (before significant changes in vision occur) and the lack of regenerative capacity in the mammalian retina (Samuel et al., J Neurosci 31(44):16033–16044, 2011) limit potential therapeutic options. For a long time the replacement of RGCs as a therapy for glaucoma and other optic neuropathies was not considered as a potential strategy because of the perceived inability of mature RGCs to regrow full-length axons and reach relevant targets in the brain. However, recent optic nerve (Bei et al., Cell 164(1–2):219–232, 2016; Lim et al., Nat Neurosci 19(8):1073–1084, 2016) and spinal cord regeneration studies, together with developments in pluripotent and retinal cell biology, as well as pilot RGC transplantation experiments (Hertz et al., Cell Transplant 23(7):855–872, 2013; Venugopalan et al., Nat Commun 7:10472, 2016), demonstrate that it may be possible to restore the RGC population in the retina and regrow the optic nerve.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. The Schepens Eye Research Institute of Massachusetts Eye and Ear, an affiliate of Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA

    Petr Baranov & Julia Oswald

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  1. Petr Baranov
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  1. Department Ophthalmology and Vision Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada

    Brian G. Ballios

  2. Schepens Eye Research Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA

    Michael J. Young

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Baranov, P., Oswald, J. (2018). Retinal Ganglion Cell Replacement: A Bridge to the Brain. In: Ballios, B., Young, M. (eds) Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Therapy for the Eye. Fundamental Biomedical Technologies. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-98080-5_8

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