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Stem Cells for Nerve and Muscle Repair: Harnessing Developmental Dynamics in Therapeutics

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Stem Cells for Cancer and Genetic Disease Treatment

Part of the book series: Stem Cells in Clinical Applications ((SCCA))

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Abstract

Complexity, developmental diversification, structure-function plasticity and their importance in maintenance and perpetuation of biological fitness highlight the seminal role played by the nervous system and its accessory organs in the evolution of life and societal complexity. Equally complex are the diseases and disorders of the nervous system affecting sensory, motor, and intellectual faculties of humans. While therapeutic options for neuronal disorders have to deal with the BBB, “one-size-fits-all” paradigm does not work in therapeutics given the complex biochemical diversity of various neuronal cell types and their developmental origin. In contrast to classical therapeutics that have not evolved a cure for any major disorder, stem cell technology has generated both hype and hope. While replenishing lost neurons responsible for memory disorders would not bring back old memory, no technology is available to replace a lost motoneuron either by enticing the stem cell-derived neuron to extend its axon in the direction towards its target or directly transplanting a giant neuron from the spinal cord to the target. In spite of these limitations, there are great strides made in stem cell therapeutics for the diseases and disorders of neurons and muscle, be it the delivery mode bypassing the BBB, direct stem cell transplantation for replacement therapy or stem cell-mediated specific cargo delivery to affected neuronal or muscle cell types. Future of stem cell therapeutics for the diseases and disorders of the nerve and the muscle depends heavily on our understanding of developmental biology at the molecular level and the role played by model organisms in elucidating disease mechanisms.

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Change history

  • 02 April 2019

    An error in the production process unfortunately led to publication of this chapter prematurely, before incorporation of the final corrections. The version supplied here has been corrected and approved by the authors.

Abbreviations

ALS:

Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis

BBB:

Blood brain barrier

CD:

Cluster of differentiation

CNS:

Central nervous system

CRISPR:

Clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats

DMD:

Duchenne muscular dystrophy

DNA:

Deoxyribonucleic acid

ENS:

Enteric nervous system

ES cells:

Embryonic stem cells

EVs:

Extracellular vesicles

HRT:

Hormone replacement therapies

IA:

Intra-arterial

iPSCs:

Induced pluripotent stem cell(s)

IV:

Intra-venous

LSDs:

Lysosomal storage disorders

MABs:

Mesoangioblasts

MCAO:

Middle cerebral artery occlusion

MDSCs:

Muscle-derived stem cells

MEFs:

Mouse embryonic fibroblasts

miRNAs:

microRNAs

MPCs:

Muscle progenitor cells

MSCs:

Mesenchymal stem cells

Myf5:

Myogenic factor 5

MyoD:

Myoblast determination protein

NMDs:

Neuromuscular diseases/disorders

NPCs:

Neural progenitor cells

NSCs:

Neural stem cells

NSPCs:

Neural stem/progenitor cells

PICs:

PW1+ interstitial cells

RICE:

Rest, ice/cold, compression and elevation

RNA:

Ribonucleic acid

RNAi:

RNA interference

SMA:

Spinal muscular atrophy

Sox:

Sry-related High Mobility Group (HMG) box

SP:

Side population

Sry:

Sex determining region Y (present on the Y chromosome)

SVZ:

Subventricular zone

3D:

Three-dimensional

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Acknowledgements

Authors duly acknowledge the help and encouragement from Dr. D. Y. Patil Vidyapeeth, Pimpri, Pune, India.

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  1. Dr. D. Y. Patil Biotechnology and Bioinformatics Institute, Dr. D. Y. Patil Vidyapeeth, Pune, Maharashtra, India

    Satish Sasikumar, Ashima Bhan & T. K. Rajendra

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  1. Satish Sasikumar
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  1. Laboratory of Stem Cell Research and Application & Stem Cell Institute & Cancer Research Laboratory, VNUHCM University of Science, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam

    Phuc Van Pham

  2. University of Edinburgh - Zhejiang, International Campus (UoE-ZJU), Haining, Zhejiang, China

    Ahmed El-Hashash

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Sasikumar, S., Bhan, A., Rajendra, T.K. (2018). Stem Cells for Nerve and Muscle Repair: Harnessing Developmental Dynamics in Therapeutics. In: Pham, P., El-Hashash, A. (eds) Stem Cells for Cancer and Genetic Disease Treatment. Stem Cells in Clinical Applications. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-98065-2_10

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