Skip to main content

Facial Expression Bilinear Encoding Model

  • Conference paper
  • First Online:
  • 3110 Accesses

Part of the book series: Lecture Notes in Computer Science ((LNIP,volume 10996))

Abstract

Facial expressions are generated by contractions of facial muscles. The contractions lead to variations in the appearance of facial parts. It has been proved that the features from different facial parts can improve the accuracy of facial expression recognition. In this paper, we propose a bilinear encoding model for facial expression recognition. Our system uses the still facial expression images as inputs and employs the bilinear convolutional networks to capture the features in the appearance of facial parts. It detects crucial facial parts and extracts the appearance features simultaneously with end-to-end learning. To verify the performance of our system, we have made experiments on two popular expression databases: CK+ and Oulu-CASIA. The experimental results show that the proposed method achieves comparable or better performance compared with the state-of-the-art methods for facial expression recognition.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution.

Buying options

Chapter
USD   29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD   39.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD   54.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Learn about institutional subscriptions

References

  1. Zhong, L., Liu, Q., Yang, P., Liu, B., Huang, J., Metaxas, D.N.: Learning active facial patches for expression analysis. In: Proceedings of the IEEE Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition, pp. 2562–2569 (2012)

    Google Scholar 

  2. Happy, S.L., Routray, A.: Automatic facial expression recognition using features of salient facial patches. IEEE Trans. Affect. Comput. 6(1), 1–12 (2015)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  3. Liu, M., Li, S., Shan, S., Wang, R., Chen, X.: Deeply learning deformable facial action parts model for dynamic expression analysis. In: Proceedings of the IEEE Asian Conference on Computer Vision, pp. 143–157 (2014)

    Google Scholar 

  4. Perveen, N., Singh, D., Mohan, C.K.: Spontaneous facial expression recognition: a part based approach. In: Proceedings of the IEEE Conference on Machine Learning and Applications, pp. 819–824 (2016)

    Google Scholar 

  5. Lin, T.Y., RoyChowdhury, A., Maji, S.: Bilinear convolutional neural networks for fine-grained visual recognition. IEEE Trans. Pattern Anal. Mach. Intell. 40(6), 1309–1322 (2017)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  6. Lucey, P., Cohn, J.F., Kanade, T., Saragih, J., Ambadar, Z., Matthews, I.: The extended Cohn-Kanade dataset (CK+): a complete dataset for action unit and emotion-specified expression. In: IEEE Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition Workshops, pp. 94–101 (2010)

    Google Scholar 

  7. Zhao, G., Huang, X., Taini, M., Li, S.Z., PietikaInen, M.: Facial expression recognition from near-infrared videos. Image Vis. Comput. 29(9), 607–619 (2011)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  8. Xiong, X., De la Torre, F.: Supervised descent method and its applications to face alignment. In: Proceedings of the IEEE Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition, pp. 532–539 (2013)

    Google Scholar 

  9. Goodfellow, I.J., et al.: Challenges in representation learning: a report on three machine learning contests. In: Proceedings of the IEEE International Conference on Neural Information Processing, pp. 117–124 (2013)

    Google Scholar 

  10. Klaser, A., Marszalek, M., Schmid, C.: A spatio-temporal descriptor based on 3d-gradients. In: BMVC 2008–19th British Machine Vision Conference, pp. 275–1 (2008)

    Google Scholar 

  11. Jain, S., Hu, C., Aggarwal, J.K.: Facial expression recognition with temporal modeling of shapes. In: Proceedings of the IEEE International Conference on Computer Vision Workshops, pp. 1642–1649 (2011)

    Google Scholar 

  12. Mollahosseini, A., Chan, D., Mahoor, M.H.: Going deeper in facial expression recognition using deep neural networks. In: Proceedings of the IEEE Winter Conference on Applications of Computer Vision, pp. 1–10 (2016)

    Google Scholar 

  13. Liu, M., Shan, S., Wang, R., Chen, X.: Learning expressionlets on spatio-temporal manifold for dynamic facial expression recognition. In: Proceedings of the IEEE Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition, pp. 1749–1756 (2014)

    Google Scholar 

  14. Meng, Z., Liu, P., Cai, J., Han, S., Tong, Y.: Identity-aware convolutional neural network for facial expression recognition. In: Proceedings of the IEEE International Conference on Automatic Face & Gesture Recognition, pp. 558–565 (2017)

    Google Scholar 

  15. Jung, H., Lee, S., Yim, J., Park, S., Kim, J.: Joint fine-tuning in deep neural networks for facial expression recognition. In: Proceedings of the IEEE International Conference on Computer Vision, pp. 2983–2991 (2015)

    Google Scholar 

  16. Zhao, X., et al.: Peak-piloted deep network for facial expression recognition. In: Proceedings of the IEEE European Conference on Computer Vision, pp. 425–442 (2016)

    Google Scholar 

  17. Zhang, K., Huang, Y., Du, Y., Wang, L.: Facial expression recognition based on deep evolutional spatial-temporal networks. IEEE Trans. Image Process. 26(9), 4193–4203 (2017)

    Article  MathSciNet  Google Scholar 

  18. Cai, J., Meng, Z., Khan, A.S., Li, Z., Tong, Y.: Island loss for learning discriminative features in facial expression recognition. arXiv:1710.03144

Download references

Acknowledgements

This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 61472393).

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding authors

Correspondence to Haifeng Zhang or Zengfu Wang .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2018 Springer Nature Switzerland AG

About this paper

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this paper

Zhang, H., Su, W., Wang, Z. (2018). Facial Expression Bilinear Encoding Model. In: Zhou, J., et al. Biometric Recognition. CCBR 2018. Lecture Notes in Computer Science(), vol 10996. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-97909-0_33

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-97909-0_33

  • Published:

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Cham

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-319-97908-3

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-319-97909-0

  • eBook Packages: Computer ScienceComputer Science (R0)

Publish with us

Policies and ethics