Abstract
Poverty and underdevelopment in the world today manifest themselves as a multidimensional phenomenon that strikes victims of malnutrition, privation, exclusion, diseases, and other avoidable evils. Poverty and underdevelopment also considerably reduce poor people’s life expectancy and harden their quality of living. Although the percentage of poor people is steadily declining, as of the year 2016 it was estimated that as much as 10% of the world’s population was living in serious poverty. Concerned with the misery and underdevelopment of the world, the crafters of Bretton Woods established in 1944 multilateral financial institutions and later initiated the development assistance movement (DAM) with the sole objective of fighting poverty and exclusion and promoting economic development. They were aiming for global shared well-being, particularly with countries and territories considered in unbearable insufficiencies. This original solidarity momentum was recently confirmed by the United Nations (UN) in their 2015 report on the Millennium Development Goals (MDG), which set itself the objective of ending all forms of poverty by the dawn of 2030, but which was also seriously questioned by opponents. “The most pressing economic problem of our time is that so many of what we usually call ‘developing economies’ are, in fact, not developing” (Friedman 2002).
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Notes
- 1.
In 1982, the world population amounted to 3,531 billion individuals; it scored 7,81 billion in 2012.
- 2.
World Development Indicators and Bases for poverty data and the World Bank.
- 3.
“Kuznets hypothesis” postulates that economic growth will first lead to an increase in inequality, and later to a decrease in inequality. (https://www.thoughtco.com/kuznets-curve-in-economics-1146122).
- 4.
In some developing countries, collaboration with former colonizer seems fruitful, but unfortunately to the benefit to an elite only.
- 5.
The only external intrusion into family circles is by marriage, consequently any marriage request can then take the form of a family plebiscite.
- 6.
In some countries laws and regulations do not seem to be promulgated to be respected, but rather as punitive discriminatory means, applicable on the head of the client.
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Naciri, A. (2018). Poor and Developing Environment. In: The Governance Structures of the Bretton Woods Financial Institutions. SpringerBriefs in Economics. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-97906-9_2
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