Abstract
In an effort to gain insight into human pathophysiology, blood is one of the most frequently sampled biological products. Generation of the cellular elements of blood is the end result of a complex process called hematopoiesis that starts in the hematopoietic stem cells. Unique aspects of hematopoietic ontogeny and mechanisms responsible for hematopoietic homeostasis have important implications for day-to-day clinical practice. This chapter reviews the biology of normal hematopoiesis and how they contribute to pathological findings in disease states.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
References
Ghiaur G, Ferkowicz MJ, Milsom MD, et al. Rac1 is essential for intraembryonic hematopoiesis and for the initial seeding of fetal liver with definitive hematopoietic progenitor cells. Blood. 2008;111:3313–21.
Moore MA, Metcalf D. Ontogeny of the haemopoietic system: yolk sac origin of in vivo and in vitro colony forming cells in the developing mouse embryo. Br J Haematol. 1970;18:279–96.
Yoder MC, Hiatt K, Dutt P, Mukherjee P, Bodine DM, Orlic D. Characterization of definitive lymphohematopoietic stem cells in the day 9 murine yolk sac. Immunity. 1997;7:335–44.
Thomas DB, Yoffey JM. Human foetal haematopoiesis. Ii. Hepatic haematopoiesis in the human foetus. Br J Haematol. 1964;10:193–7.
Nagasawa T, Hirota S, Tachibana K, et al. Defects of B-cell lymphopoiesis and bone-marrow myelopoiesis in mice lacking the CXC chemokine PBSF/SDF-1. Nature. 1996;382:635–8.
Zou YR, Kottmann AH, Kuroda M, Taniuchi I, Littman DR. Function of the chemokine receptor CXCR4 in haematopoiesis and in cerebellar development. Nature. 1998;393:595–9.
Delivori M, Roncevic NP, Oski FA. Postnatal changes in oxygen transport of term, premature, and sick infants – role of red cell 2,3-diphosphoglycerate and adult hemoglobin. Pediatr Res. 1971;5:235.
Pule GD, Mowla S, Novitzky N, Wiysonge CS, Wonkam A. A systematic review of known mechanisms of hydroxyurea-induced fetal hemoglobin for treatment of sickle cell disease. Expert Rev Hematol. 2015;8:669–79.
Wilkins BS, Green A, Wild AE, Jones DB. Extramedullary haemopoiesis in fetal and adult human spleen: a quantitative immunohistological study. Histopathology. 1994;24:241–7.
Wolf BC, Neiman RS. Myelofibrosis with myeloid metaplasia: pathophysiologic implications of the correlation between bone marrow changes and progression of splenomegaly. Blood. 1985;65:803–9.
Oguro H, Ding L, Morrison SJ. SLAM family markers resolve functionally distinct subpopulations of hematopoietic stem cells and multipotent progenitors. Cell Stem Cell. 2013;13:102–16.
Benveniste P, Cantin C, Hyam D, Iscove NN. Hematopoietic stem cells engraft in mice with absolute efficiency. Nat Immunol. 2003;4:708–13.
Ghiaur G, Yegnasubramanian S, Perkins B, Gucwa JL, Gerber JM, Jones RJ. Regulation of human hematopoietic stem cell self-renewal by the microenvironment’s control of retinoic acid signaling. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2013;110:16121–6.
Jones RJ, Wagner JE, Celano P, Zicha MS, Sharkis SJ. Separation of pluripotent haematopoietic stem cells from spleen colony-forming cells. Nature. 1990;347:188–9.
Gerber JM, Smith BD, Ngwang B, et al. A clinically relevant population of leukemic CD34(+)CD38(−) cells in acute myeloid leukemia. Blood. 2012;119:3571–7.
Gerber JM, Zeidner JF, Morse S, et al. Association of acute myeloid leukemia’s most immature phenotype with risk groups and outcomes. Haematologica. 2016;101:607–16.
Uchida N, Dykstra B, Lyons K, Leung F, Kristiansen M, Eaves C. ABC transporter activities of murine hematopoietic stem cells vary according to their developmental and activation status. Blood. 2004;103:4487–95.
Alonso S, Su M, Jones JW, et al. Human bone marrow niche chemoprotection mediated by cytochrome P450 enzymes. Oncotarget. 2015;6:14905–12.
Su M, Alonso S, Jones JW, et al. All-trans retinoic acid activity in acute myeloid leukemia: role of cytochrome P450 enzyme expression by the microenvironment. PLoS One. 2015;10:e0127790.
Jones RJ, Barber JP, Vala MS, et al. Assessment of aldehyde dehydrogenase in viable cells. Blood. 1995;85:2742–6.
Emadi A, Jones RJ, Brodsky RA. Cyclophosphamide and cancer: golden anniversary. Nat Rev Clin Oncol. 2009;6:638–47.
Ghiaur G, Gerber J, Jones RJ. Concise review: cancer stem cells and minimal residual disease. Stem Cells. 2012;30:89–93.
Lapidot T, Sirard C, Vormoor J, et al. A cell initiating human acute myeloid leukaemia after transplantation into SCID mice. Nature. 1994;367:645–8.
Metcalf D. The clonal culture in vitro of multipotential hemopoietic cells: problems and interpretations. Nouv Rev Fr Hematol. 1981;23:165–9.
Baryawno N, Severe N, Scadden DT. Hematopoiesis: reconciling historic controversies about the niche. Cell Stem Cell. 2017;20:590–2.
Richman CM, Weiner RS, Yankee RA. Increase in circulating stem cells following chemotherapy in man. Blood. 1976;47:1031–9.
Socinski MA, Cannistra SA, Elias A, Antman KH, Schnipper L, Griffin JD. Granulocyte-macrophage colony stimulating factor expands the circulating haemopoietic progenitor cell compartment in man. Lancet. 1988;1:1194–8.
Broxmeyer HE, Orschell CM, Clapp DW, et al. Rapid mobilization of murine and human hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells with AMD3100, a CXCR4 antagonist. J Exp Med. 2005;201:1307–18.
Domingues MJ, Cao H, Heazlewood SY, Cao B, Nilsson SK. Niche extracellular matrix components and their influence on HSC. J Cell Biochem. 2017;118:1984–93.
Zsebo KM, Wypych J, McNiece IK, et al. Identification, purification, and biological characterization of hematopoietic stem cell factor from buffalo rat liver – conditioned medium. Cell. 1990;63:195–201.
Martin FH, Suggs SV, Langley KE, et al. Primary structure and functional expression of rat and human stem cell factor DNAs. Cell. 1990;63:203–11.
Lyman SD, Brasel K, Rousseau AM, Williams DE. The flt3 ligand: a hematopoietic stem cell factor whose activities are distinct from steel factor. Stem Cells. 1994;12(Suppl 1):99–107; discussion 108–110.
McDonald TP. Thrombopoietin: its biology, purification, and characterization. Exp Hematol. 1988;16:201–5.
Nocka K, Buck J, Levi E, Besmer P. Candidate ligand for the c-kit transmembrane kinase receptor: KL, a fibroblast derived growth factor stimulates mast cells and erythroid progenitors. EMBO J. 1990;9:3287–94.
Sieff CA, Emerson SG, Mufson A, Gesner TG, Nathan DG. Dependence of highly enriched human bone marrow progenitors on hemopoietic growth factors and their response to recombinant erythropoietin. J Clin Invest. 1986;77:74–81.
Semenza GL. Regulation of erythropoietin production. New insights into molecular mechanisms of oxygen homeostasis. Hematol Oncol Clin N Am. 1994;8:863–84.
Kaushansky K. Lineage-specific hematopoietic growth factors. N Engl J Med. 2006;354:2034–45.
Trapnell BC, Whitsett JA, Nakata K. Pulmonary alveolar proteinosis. N Engl J Med. 2003;349:2527–39.
Liston A, Enders A, Siggs OM. Unravelling the association of partial T-cell immunodeficiency and immune dysregulation. Nat Rev Immunol. 2008;8:545–58.
Tsai HT, Caporaso NE, Kyle RA, et al. Evidence of serum immunoglobulin abnormalities up to 9.8 years before diagnosis of chronic lymphocytic leukemia: a prospective study. Blood. 2009;114:4928–32.
Wang H, Chuhjo T, Yasue S, Omine M, Nakao S. Clinical significance of a minor population of paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria-type cells in bone marrow failure syndrome. Blood. 2002;100:3897–902.
Steensma DP, Bejar R, Jaiswal S, et al. Clonal hematopoiesis of indeterminate potential and its distinction from myelodysplastic syndromes. Blood. 2015;126:9–16.
Sperling AS, Gibson CJ, Ebert BL. The genetics of myelodysplastic syndrome: from clonal haematopoiesis to secondary leukaemia. Nat Rev Cancer. 2017;17:5–19.
Gondek LP, Zheng G, Ghiaur G, et al. Donor cell leukemia arising from clonal hematopoiesis after bone marrow transplantation. Leukemia. 2016;30:1916–20.
Jaiswal S, Natarajan P, Silver AJ, et al. Clonal hematopoiesis and risk of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease. N Engl J Med. 2017;377:111–21.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2019 Springer Nature Switzerland AG
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Ghiaur, G., Jones, R.J. (2019). Hematopoiesis. In: Lazarus, H., Schmaier, A. (eds) Concise Guide to Hematology. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-97873-4_2
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-97873-4_2
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Cham
Print ISBN: 978-3-319-97872-7
Online ISBN: 978-3-319-97873-4
eBook Packages: MedicineMedicine (R0)