Abstract
Carcinomas generally metastasize via lymphatics (i.e., initial spread is to the lymph nodes). Notable exceptions are renal cell carcinoma, follicular carcinoma of the thyroid, and choriocarcinoma, which disseminate hematogenously. In contrast to carcinomas, sarcomas generally metastasize hematogenously to organs such as the liver and lung, bypassing the lymph nodes. Lymph node metastases are rare or in some cases (such as Ewing sarcoma) never occur. Exceptions are clear cell sarcoma/melanoma of soft parts, epithelioid sarcoma, alveolar rhabdomyosarcoma, synovial sarcoma, and angiosarcoma – these sarcomas are an exception in that they frequently metastasize to the lymph nodes.
By Natasha Rekhtman, Marina K Baine, Justin A. Bishop
(All subsections are by these authors, unless specified otherwise)
Metastases: A Quick Reference
General Principles
By Natasha Rekhtman
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Preview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
References
Schueller G, Herold CJ. Lung metastases. Cancer Imaging. 2003;3:126–8.
Umeki S. Association of miliary lung metastases and bone metastases in bronchogenic carcinoma. Chest. 1993;104:948–50.
Luna MA, Pfaltz M. Cysts of the neck, unknown primary tumor, and neck dissection. In: Diagnostic surgical pathology of the head and neck. Philadelphia: W.B. Saunders; 2009.
Marchevsky AM, Gupta R, Balzer B. Diagnosis of metastatic neoplasms: a clinicopathologic and morphologic approach. Arch Pathol Lab Med. 2010;134:194–206.
Amin MB, Edge S, Green F, et al. AJCC cancer staging manual. 8th ed. New York: Springer International Publishing; 2017. p. 1032.
Burtis CA, Ashwood ER, Bruns DE, editors. Teitz textbook of clinical chemistry and molecular diagnostics. Vol. 4th ed. Philadelphia: Saunders; 2005.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2019 Springer Nature Switzerland AG
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Rekhtman, N., Baine, M.K., Bishop, J.A. (2019). Quick Clinical References for Pathologists. In: Quick Reference Handbook for Surgical Pathologists. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-97508-5_13
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-97508-5_13
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Cham
Print ISBN: 978-3-319-97507-8
Online ISBN: 978-3-319-97508-5
eBook Packages: MedicineMedicine (R0)