Abstract
Invaluable insights into functional genomics have arisen from knockout and knockdown mutants generated by transposon mutagenesis. Thousands of insertional mutants are available free of charge from the UniformMu national public resource for maize. This resource was created using the native Robertson’s Mutator system and resulting features include (1) an inbred genetic background ideal for phenotype analysis; (2) effective genetic control of Mu transposon activity that facilitates genetic and molecular analyses; (3) precise mapping of transposon insertions enabled by targeted sequencing (Mu flanks identified by a Mu-seq protocol for high-throughput genotyping); (4) cost-free, worldwide distribution of high-quality, sustainable seed stocks through MaizeGDB.org and the Maize Genetics Cooperation Stock Center. Available materials have been especially useful for genetic analysis of complex, multi-genetic traits such as domestication, seed development, and disease resistance. Additional applications for UniformMu resources include new strategies for both forward- and reverse-genetics (phenotype-to-genotype or the reverse) as well as synergies with emerging gene-editing technologies (e.g., MuCRISPR).
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution.
Buying options
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Learn about institutional subscriptionsReferences
Alonso JM, Stepanova AN, Leisse TJ, Kim CJ, Chen H, Shinn P, Stevenson DK, Zimmerman J, Barajas P, Cheuk R, Gadrinab C (2003) Genome-wide insertional mutagenesis of Arabidopsis thaliana. Science 301(5633):653–657
Barquist L, Boinett CJ, Cain AK (2013) Approaches to querying bacterial genomes with transposon-insertion sequencing. RNA Biol 10(7):1161–1169
Belhaj K, Chaparro-Garcia A, Kamoun S, Patron NJ, Nekrasov V (2015) Editing plant genomes with CRISPR/Cas9. Curr Opin Biotechnol 32:76–84
Bensen RJ, Johal GS, Crane VC, Tossberg JT, Schnable PS, Meeley RB, Briggs SP (1995) Cloning and characterization of the maize An1 gene. Plant Cell 7(1):75–84
Bray RA, Brink RA (1966) Mutation and paramutation at the R locus in maize. Genetics 54(1):137–149
Brutnell, TP Conrad, LJ (2003). Transposon tagging using Activator (Ac) in maize. Plant Functional Genomics, Humana Press, pp 157–175
Cai M, Li S, Sun F, Sun Q, Zhao H, Ren X, Zhao Y, Tan BC, Zhang Z, Qiu F (2017) Emp10 encodes a mitochondrial PPR protein that affects the cis-splicing of nad2 intron 1 and seed development in maize. Plant J 91(1):132–144
Chen Y, Hou M, Liu L, Wu S, Shen Y, Ishiyama K, Kobayashi M, McCarty DR, Tan BC (2014) The maize DWARF1 encodes a gibberellin 3-oxidase and is dual localized to the nucleus and cytosol. Plant Physiol 166(4):2028–2039
Cresse AD, Hulbert SH, Brown WE, Lucas JR, Bennetzen JL (1995) Mu1-related transposable elements of maize preferentially insert into low copy number DNA. Genetics 140(1):315–324
Fahlgren N, Gehan MA, Baxter I (2015) Lights, camera, action: high-throughput plant phenotyping is ready for a close-up. Curr Opin Plant Biol 24:93–99
Hayes F (2003) Transposon-based strategies for microbial functional genomics and proteomics. Annu Rev Genet 37(1):3–29
Hirochika H, Guiderdoni E, An G, Hsing YI, Eun MY, Han CD, Upadhyaya N, Ramachandran S, Zhang Q, Pereira A, Sundaresan V (2004) Rice mutant resources for gene discovery. Plant Mol Biol 54(3):325–334
Hufford MB, Xu X, Van Heerwaarden J, Pyhäjärvi T, Chia JM, Cartwright RA, Elshire RJ, Glaubitz JC, Guill KE, Kaeppler SM, Lai J (2012) Comparative population genomics of maize domestication and improvement. Nat Genet 44(7):808
Hunter CT, Suzuki M, Saunders J, Wu S, Tasi A, McCarty DR, Koch KE (2014) Phenotype to genotype using forward-genetic Mu-seq for identification and functional classification of maize mutants. Fron Plant Sci 4:545
Jeon JS, Lee S, Jung KH, Jun SH, Jeong DH, Lee J, Kim C, Jang S, Lee S, Yang K, Nam J (2000) T-DNA insertional mutagenesis for functional genomics in rice. Plant J 22(6):561–570
Li XJ, Zhang YF, Hou M, Sun F, Shen Y, Xiu ZH, Wang X, Chen ZL, Sun SS, Small I, Tan BC (2014) Small kernel 1 encodes a pentatricopeptide repeat protein required for mitochondrial nad7 transcript editing and seed development in maize (Zea mays) and rice (Oryza sativa). Plant J 79(5):797–809
Li Y, Segal G, Wang Q, Dooner HK (2013) Gene tagging with engineered Ds elements in maize. Methods Mol Biol 1057:83–99
Lisch D, Chomet P, Freeling M (1995) Genetic characterization of the Mutator system in maize: behavior and regulation of Mu transposons in a minimal line. Genetics 139:1777–1796
Liu P, McCarty DR, Koch KE (2016) Transposon mutagenesis and analysis of mutants in UniformMu maize (Zea mays). Curr Protoc Plant Biol 451–465
Liu YJ, Xiu ZH, Meeley R, Tan BC (2013) Empty pericarp5 encodes a pentatricopeptide repeat protein that is required for mitochondrial RNA editing and seed development in maize. Plant Cell 25(3):868–883
May BP, Liu H, Vollbrecht E, Senior L, Rabinowicz PD, Roh D, Pan XK, Stein L, Freeling M, Alexander D, Martienssen R (2003) Maize-targeted mutagenesis: a knockout resource for maize. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 100(20):11541–11546
McCallum CM, Comai L, Greene EA, Henikoff S (2000) Targeting induced locallesions in genomes (TILLING) for plant functional genomics. Plant Physiol 123(2):439–442
McCarty DR, Mark Settles A, Suzuki M, Tan BC, Latshaw S, Porch T, Robin K, Baier J, Avigne W, Lai J, Messing J (2005) Steady-state transposon mutagenesis in inbred maize. Plant J 44(1):52–61
McCarty DR, Latshaw S, Wu S, Suzuki M, Hunter CT, Avigne WT, Koch KE (2013a) Mu-seq: sequence-based mapping and identification of transposon induced mutations. PLoS ONE 8(10):e77172
McCarty DR, Suzuki M, Hunter C, Collins J, Avigne WT, Koch KE (2013b). Genetic and molecular analyses of UniformMu transposon insertion lines. Plant Transposable Elements, Humana Press, Totowa, pp 157–166
McCarty DR (2017) 4 What Can We Learn from Maize Kernel Mutants? Maize Kernel Development, p 44
Niehaus TD, Folz J, McCarty DR, Cooper AJ, Amador DM, Fiehn O, Hanson AD (2018) Identification of a metabolic disposal route for the oncometabolite S-(2-succino) cysteine in Bacillus subtilis. J Biol Chem pp jbc–RA118
O’Malley RC, Ecker JR (2010) Linking genotype to phenotype using the Arabidopsis unimutant collection. Plant J 61(6):928–940
Piatek A, Ali Z, Baazim H, Li L, Abulfaraj A, Al-Shareef S, Aouida M, Mahfouz MM (2015) RNA-guided transcriptional regulation in planta via synthetic dCas9-based transcription factors. Plant Biotechnol J 13(4):578–589
Qi LS, Larson MH, Gilbert LA, Doudna JA, Weissman JS, Arkin AP, Lim WA (2013) Repurposing CRISPR as an RNA-guided platform for sequence-specific control of gene expression. Cell 152(5):1173–1183
Raizada MN, Nan GL, Walbot V (2001) Somatic and germinal mobility of the RescueMu transposon in transgenic maize. Plant Cell 13(7):1587–1608
Shan Q, Wang Y, Li J, Zhang Y, Chen K, Liang Z, Zhang K, Liu J, Xi JJ, Qiu JL, Gao C (2013) Targeted genome modification of crop plants using a CRISPR-Cas system. Nat Biotechnol 31(8):686
Shen Y, Li C, McCarty DR, Meeley R, Tan BC (2013) Embryo defective12 encodes the plastid initiation factor 3 and is essential for embryogenesis in maize. Plant J 74(5):792–804
Shirley BW, Hanley S, Goodman HM (1992) Effects of ionizing radiation on a plant genome: analysis of two Arabidopsis transparent testa mutations. Plant Cell 4(3):333–347
Sosso D, Luo D, Li QB, Sasse J, Yang J, Gendrot G, Suzuki M, Koch KE, McCarty DR, Chourey PS, Rogowsky PM (2015) Seed filling in domesticated maize and rice depends on SWEET-mediated hexose transport. Nat Genet 47(12):1489
Springer N, W22 Genome Consortium et al (2018) The W22 genome: a foundation for maize functional genomics and transposon biology. Nat Genet https://doi.org/10.1038/s41588-018-0158-0
Sun F, Wang X, Bonnard G, Shen Y, Xiu Z, Li X, Gao D, Zhang Z, Tan BC (2015) Empty pericarp7 encodes a mitochondrial E–subgroup pentatricopeptide repeat protein that is required for ccmFN editing, mitochondrial function and seed development in maize. Plant J 84(2):283–295
Suzuki M, Mark Settles A, Tseung CW, Li QB, Latshaw S, Wu S, Porch TG, Schmelz EA, James MG, McCarty DR (2006) The maize viviparous15 locus encodes the molybdopterin synthase small subunit. Plant J 45(2):264–274
Suzuki M, Latshaw S, Sato Y, Settles AM, Koch KE, Hannah LC, Kojima M, Sakakibara H, McCarty DR (2008) The maize Viviparous8 locus, encoding a putative ALTERED MERISTEM PROGRAM1-like peptidase, regulates abscisic acid accumulation and coordinates embryo and endosperm development. Plant Physiol 146(3):1193–1206
Suzuki M, Sato Y, Wu S, Kang BH, McCarty DR (2015) Conserved functions of the MATE transporter BIG EMBRYO1 in regulation of lateral organ size and initiation rate. Plant Cell 27(8):2288–2300
Vollbrecht E, Duvick J, Schares JP, Ahern KR, Deewatthanawong P, Xu L, Conrad LJ, Kikuchi K, Kubinec TA, Hall BD, Weeks R, Unger-Wallace E, Muszynksi M, Brendel VP, Brutnell TP (2010) Genome-wide distribution of transposed dissociation elements in maize. Plant Cell 22(6):1667–1685
Walbot V, Qüesta J (2012) Using MuDR/Mu transposons in directed tagging strategies. Methods Mol Biol 1057:143–155
Williams-Carrier R, Stiffler N, Belcher S, Kroeger T, Stern DB, Monde RA, Coalter R, Barkan A (2010) Use of Illumina sequencing to identify transposon insertions underlying mutant phenotypes in high-copy mutator lines of maize. Plant J 63(1):167–177
Xiu Z, Sun F, Shen Y, Zhang X, Jiang R, Bonnard G, Zhang J, Tan BC (2016) EMPTY PERICARP16 is required for mitochondrial nad2 Intron 4 cis-splicing, complex I assembly and seed development in maize. Plant J 85(4):507–519
Yang Q, He Y, Kabahuma M, Chaya T, Kelly A, Borrego E, Bian Y, El Kasmi F, Yang L, Teixeira P, Kolkman J (2017a) A gene encoding maize caffeoyl-CoA O-methyltransferase confers quantitative resistance to multiple pathogens. Nat Genet 49(9):1364
Yang YZ, Ding S, Wang HC, Sun F, Huang WL, Song S, Xu C, Tan BC (2017b) The pentatricopeptide repeat protein EMP9 is required for mitochondrial ccmB and rps4 transcript editing, mitochondrial complex biogenesis and seed development in maize. New Phytol 214(2):782–795
Yang YZ, Ding S, Wang Y, Li CL, Shen Y, Meeley R, McCarty DR, Tan BC (2017c) Small kernel2 encodes a glutaminase in vitamin B6 biosynthesis essential for maize seed development. Plant Physiol 174(2):1127–1138
Acknowledgements
This work was supported by a grant to DRM and KEK from USA National Science Foundation (IOS-1116561).
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2018 Springer Nature Switzerland AG
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
McCarty, D.R., Liu, P., Koch, K.E. (2018). The UniformMu Resource: Construction, Applications, and Opportunities. In: Bennetzen, J., Flint-Garcia, S., Hirsch, C., Tuberosa, R. (eds) The Maize Genome. Compendium of Plant Genomes. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-97427-9_9
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-97427-9_9
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Cham
Print ISBN: 978-3-319-97426-2
Online ISBN: 978-3-319-97427-9
eBook Packages: Biomedical and Life SciencesBiomedical and Life Sciences (R0)