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The Castor Bean Genome pp 215–235Cite as

Ricin and RCA—The Enemies Within Castor (Ricinus communis L.): A Perspective on Their Biogenesis, Mechanism of Action, Detection Methods and Detoxification Strategies

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Part of the book series: Compendium of Plant Genomes ((CPG))

Abstract

The main impediment in utilizing the de-oiled meal of castor bean (Ricinus communis L.) as animal feed is the presence of two toxic proteins, ricin (also known as RCA II and RCA60) and RCA (R. communis agglutinin, otherwise known as RCA I and RCA120) found in the endosperm of mature seeds. Their presence compromises with the high protein content (around 25% with balanced amino acid composition) in the leftover oilcake which otherwise could find use as an excellent animal feed. This review is an attempt at providing insights into the biology and biogenesis of ricin and RCA and various approaches for reducing or eliminating ricin and RCA in this oil crop.

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Acknowledgements

The financial assistance provided by the Department of Science and Technology, Government of India, in the form of research grant (SR/SO/BB-58/2005/DST) for the work which was carried out at the Indian Institute of Oilseeds Research (Formerly Directorate of Oilseeds Research), Hyderabad, India, is duly acknowledged. Authors also acknowledge the support extended by the Director, ICAR-IIOR, during the course of investigation and preparation of the manuscript.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. ICAR-Indian Institute of Oilseeds Research, 500030, Rajendranagar, Hyderabad, India

    Mohd. Ashraf Ashfaq, P. Soma Sekhar Reddy, Ch. Anil Kumar, Velu Mani Selvaraj & V. Dinesh Kumar

  2. ICAR-Indian Institute of Rice Research, 500030, Rajendranagar, Hyderabad, India

    Mohd. Ashraf Ashfaq

  3. Department of Genetics, Osmania University, 500007, Hyderabad, India

    P. Soma Sekhar Reddy & Ch. Anil Kumar

  4. Department of Plant Sciences, University of Hyderabad, 500046, Hyderabad, India

    Mohd. Ashraf Ashfaq & Velu Mani Selvaraj

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  1. Mohd. Ashraf Ashfaq
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  2. P. Soma Sekhar Reddy
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  3. Ch. Anil Kumar
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  4. Velu Mani Selvaraj
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  5. V. Dinesh Kumar
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Correspondence to V. Dinesh Kumar .

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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Raja Ramanna Fellow, Department of Atomic Energy, Government of India, ICAR-National Research Center on Plant Biotechnology, New Delhi, India

    Chittaranjan Kole

  2. Rockville, MD, USA

    Pablo Rabinowicz

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Ashraf Ashfaq, M., Soma Sekhar Reddy, P., Anil Kumar, C., Selvaraj, V.M., Dinesh Kumar, V. (2018). Ricin and RCA—The Enemies Within Castor (Ricinus communis L.): A Perspective on Their Biogenesis, Mechanism of Action, Detection Methods and Detoxification Strategies. In: Kole, C., Rabinowicz, P. (eds) The Castor Bean Genome. Compendium of Plant Genomes. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-97280-0_12

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