Abstract
The video Collateral Murder was released by WikiLeaks on YouTube in April 2010. It drew public attention to American atrocities in Iraq. Reception of the video by the American popular and news media is contrasted with WikiLeaks’ modest contributions to the Arab Spring uprisings. WikiLeaks’ activities were greeted positively in Tunisia and beyond, both by Arab activists and by the leading regional news network Al Jazeera. By contrast, Collateral Murder did little to galvanize the American public, an outcome largely attributable to its coverage by the US news establishment. Ultimately the US media’s treatment of Collateral Murder served to strengthen popularized myths and mainstream rhetoric supportive of the status quo.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
References
Assange, Julian. 2010. Collateral Murder? In-depth Analysis of a Leaked Military Video Showing a US Army Helicopter Firing on Iraqis. Al Jazeera English, April 19. http://www.aljazeera.com/programmes/general/2010/04/20104159123873370.html.
Barthes, Roland. 1957. Mythologies. New York: Hill and Wang.
Benkler, Yochai. 2013. WikiLeaks and the Networked Fourth Estate. In Beyond WikiLeaks: Implications of Communications, Journalism and Society, ed. Benedetta Brevini, Arne Hintz, and Patrick McCurdy, 11–34. New York: Palgrave Macmillan.
Castells, Manuel. 2012. Networks of Outrage and Hope. Cambridge: Polity Press.
Christensen, Christian. 2014. WikiLeaks and the Afterlife of Collateral Murder. International Journal of Communication 8: 2593–2602. http://ijoc.org/index.php/ijoc/article/viewFile/3209/1243.
Dabashi, Hamid. 2012. The Arab Spring: The End of Postcolonialism. New York: Zed Books.
Dean, Jodi. 2002. Publicity’s Secret: How Technoculture Capitalizes on Democracy. Ithaca/London: Cornell University Press.
———. 2009. Democracy and Other Neoliberal Fantasies: Communicative Capitalism and Left Politics. Durham/London: Duke University Press.
Dunn, Hopeton S. 2013. “Something Old, Something New…”: WikiLeaks and the Collaborating Newspapers – Exploring the Limits of Conjoint Approaches to Political Exposure. In Beyond WikiLeaks: Implications of Communications, Journalism and Society, ed. Benedetta Brevini, Arne Hintz, and Patrick McCurdy, 85–100. New York: Palgrave Macmillan.
El-Nawawy, Mohammed, and Adel Iskander. 2003. Al-Jazeera: The Story of the Network that Is Rattling Governments and Redefining Modern Journalism. Boulder: Westview Press.
Fenster, Mark. 2012. Disclosure’s Effects: WikiLeaks and Transparency. Iowa Law Review 97: 753–807. https://ssrn.com/abstract=1797945.
Fishel, Justin. 2010. Military Raises Questions About Credibility of Leaked Iraq Shooting Video. Fox News, April 7. http://www.foxnews.com/politics/2010/04/07/military-raises-questions-credibility-leaked-iraq-shooting-video.html.
Herman, Edward S., and Noam Chomsky. 1988. Manufacturing Consent: The Political Economy of the Mass Media. New York: Pantheon Books.
Herman, Edward S., and David Peterson. 2010. The Politics of Genocide. New York: Monthly Review Press.
Howard, Philip N., and Muzammil M. Hussain. 2011. The Upheavals in Egypt and Tunisia: The Role of Digital Media. Journal of Democracy 22 (3) https://muse.jhu.edu/article/444758.
———. 2013. Democracy’s Fourth Wave? Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Jacobs, Ronald N. 2000. Race, Media and the Crisis of Civil Society. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Kamber, Michael, and Tim Arango. 2008. 4,000 U.S. Deaths, and a Handful of Images. New York Times, July 26. http://www.nytimes.com/2008/07/26/world/middleeast/26censor.html.
Keller, Bill. 2011. Dealing with Assange and the Wikileaks Secrets. The New York Times, January 26. http://www.nytimes.com/2011/01/30/magazine/30Wikileaks-t.html?pagewanted=all.
Lee, Francis L. F. 2014. Triggering the Protest Paradigm: Examining Factors Affecting News Coverage of Protests. International Journal of Communication 8: 2725–2756. http://ijoc.org/index.php/ijoc/article/view/2873/1215.
Lynch, Marc. 2006. Voices of the New Arab Public. New York: Columbia University Press.
———. 2012. Political Science and the New Arab Public Sphere. Publicsphere.ssrc.org , 12 June. http://publicsphere.ssrc.org/lynch-political-science-and-the-new-arab-public-sphere/.
Lynch, Lisa. 2013. The Leak Heard Round the World? Cablegate in the Evolving Global Mediascape. In Beyond WikiLeaks: Implications of Communications, Journalism and Society, ed. Benedetta Brevini, Arne Hintz, and Patrick McCurdy, 56–77. New York: Palgrave Macmillan.
MacArthur, John R. 1992. Second Front: Censorship, and Propaganda in the Gulf War. New York: Hill and Wang.
Marmura, Stephen. 2010a. Tales of 9/11 – What Conspiracy Theories in Egypt and the United States Tell Us About ‘Media Effects’. Arab Media & Society, August. https://www.arabmediasociety.com/tales-of-911-what-conspiracy-theories-in-egypt-and-the-united-states-tell-us-about-media-effects/.
———. 2010b. Security Vs Privacy: Media Messages, State Policies, and American Public Trust in Government. In Surveillance, Privacy and the Globalization of Personal Information, ed. Elia Zureik, Lynda Harling Stalker, Emily Smith, David Lyon, and Yolande Chan, 100–126. Montreal/Kingston: McGill-Queen’s University Press.
McChesney, Robert W. 2008. The Political Economy of Media: Enduring Issues, Emerging Dilemmas. New York: Monthly Review Press.
Moeller, Susan. D. 2004. Media Coverage of Weapons of Mass Destruction. A Report for the Center for International and Strategic Studies at Maryland. http://www.pipa.org/articles/WMDstudy_full.pdf.
Partlow, Joshua, and David Finkel. 2007. U.S., Shiite Fighters Clash in Baghdad. Washington Post, July 13.
Roberts, Alasdair. 2011. The WikiLeaks Illusion. The Wilson Quarterly (Summer).
Rockler, Walter J. 1999. War Crime Law Applies to US Too. Counterpunch, June 15.
Saleh, Ibrahim. 2013. WikiLeaks and the Arab Spring: The Twists and Turns of Media, Culture and Power. In Beyond WikiLeaks: Implications of Communications, Journalism and Society, ed. Benedetta Brevini, Arne Hintz, and Patrick McCurdy, 236–244. New York: Palgrave Macmillan.
Shoenfeld, Gabriel. 2010. WikiLeaks Through ‘a Soda Straw’. The Wall Street Journal, June 23. https://www.wsj.com/articles/SB10001424052748704895204575321080522272718.
Sontag, Susan. 1977. On Photography. New York: Farrar, Straus and Giroux.
Wing, Nick. 2013. Here’s the Video of U.S. Troops Killing Innocent Iraqis. If Not for Bradley Manning, We Never Would Have Seen It. The Huffington Post, August 21. http://www.huffingtonpost.ca/entry/bradley-manning-collateral murder_n_3790649.
York, Jillian C. 2013. The Internet and Transparency Beyond WikiLeaks. In Beyond WikiLeaks: Implications of Communications, Journalism and Society, ed. Benedetta Brevini, Arne Hintz, and Patrick McCurdy, 229–235. New York: Palgrave Macmillan.
Zizek, Slavoj. 2011. Good Manners in the Age of WikiLeaks. London Review of Books 33 (2): 9–10. https://www.lrb.co.uk/v33/n02/slavoj-zizek/good-manners-in-the-age-of-wikileaks.
———. 2013. Amy Goodman in Conversation with Julian Assange and Slavoj Zizek. In Beyond WikiLeaks: Implications of Communications, Journalism and Society, ed. Benedetta Brevini, Arne Hintz, and Patrick McCurdy, 254–271. New York: Palgrave Macmillan.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2018 The Author(s)
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Marmura, S.M.E. (2018). Lessons from Collateral Murder. In: The WikiLeaks Paradigm. Palgrave Pivot, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-97139-1_3
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-97139-1_3
Published:
Publisher Name: Palgrave Pivot, Cham
Print ISBN: 978-3-319-97138-4
Online ISBN: 978-3-319-97139-1
eBook Packages: Literature, Cultural and Media StudiesLiterature, Cultural and Media Studies (R0)