Abstract
This chapter focuses on the role of trade, the exploitation of natural resources other than land, e.g. mineral, and the building of infrastructures, which in one way or another functioned as instruments of spatial change. Trade and natural resources are the focus of the first section, while the second dwells on transport, infrastructures and the special case of fortifications. In all historical periods, from antiquity to the last centuries of the Modern Era, trade was a great force of geographical restructuring, through the foundation of trading counters and rise of commercial towns, the opening of routes which enhanced the networking of space, and, the forced transportation of labourers or slaves, a process which caused immense human suffering. The building of roads, railways, aqueducts, ports and defensive strongholds left tangible effects on the landscape.
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Wassenhoven, L.C. (2019). Resources, Trade, and Infrastructures. In: The Ancestry of Regional Spatial Planning. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-96995-4_6
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