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Genomic Applications in Pathology pp 51–71Cite as

miRNA Expression Assays

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Abstract

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small noncoding RNAs able to modulate at transcriptional level the expression of their target genes. Deregulations in miRNA expression profiles have been associated with pathological phenotypes, a fact that promotes the possible evaluation of these sequences for diagnosis and prognosis and newly as therapeutic tools. In this sense, evaluation of miRNA expression has come to play an important role in the research field with the potential of translational relevance in the clinical area. In this chapter, we provide an overview of several of the most recently developed assays, methods, and technologies used to identify, characterize, and confirm miRNA expression in human pathologies. We also outline principal workflows for different preparations of biological samples, taking into account advantages and disadvantages of each approach. Furthermore, we discuss the diagnostic and therapeutic efficacy of miRNAs as well as their future roles in personalized medicine, from a technical perspective.

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Acknowledgments

This work was supported by the Competitively Operational Program, 2014–2020, entitled “Clinical and economical impact of personalized targeted anti-microRNA therapies in reconverting lung cancer chemoresistance” (CANTEMIR), grant no. 35/01.09.2016, MySMIS-103375.

Dr. Calin is the Alan M. Gewirtz Leukemia & Lymphoma Society Scholar. He is supported as a fellow of the University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center Research Trust, as the University of Texas System Regents Research Scholar, and by the CLL Global Research Foundation. Work in Dr. Calin’s laboratory is supported in part by the National Institutes of Health/National Cancer Institute (CA135444); Department of Defense Breast Cancer Idea Award; Developmental Research Awards in Breast Cancer, Ovarian Cancer, Brain Cancer, Prostate Cancer, Multiple Myeloma, Leukemia (P50 CA100632), and Head and Neck (P50 CA097007) Specialized Program of Research Excellence grants; Sister Institution Network Fund grants in CLL and colon cancer; the Laura and John Arnold Foundation; the RGK Foundation; and the Estate of C. G. Johnson, Jr. This research is supported in part by the MD Anderson Cancer Center Support Grant CA016672.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Research Center for Functional Genomics, Biomedicine and Translational Medicine,Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania

    Cornelia Braicu & Ioana Berindan-Neagoe

  2. Medfuture Research Center for Advanced Medicine, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania

    Diana Gulei & Ioana Berindan-Neagoe

  3. Department of Experimental Therapeutics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA

    Diana Gulei & George A. Calin

  4. Research and Development, PHD Laboratory – Surgical and Molecular Pathology, São Paulo, SP, Brazil

    Beatriz de Melo Maia

  5. Department of Functional Genomics and Experimental Pathology, The Oncology Institute “Prof. Dr. Ion Chiricuta”, Cluj-Napoca, Romania

    Ioana Berindan-Neagoe

  6. Center for RNA Interference and Non-Coding RNAs, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA

    George A. Calin

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  1. Cornelia Braicu
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  1. Professor and Chair of Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA

    George Jabboure Netto

  2. Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, NorthShore University HealthSystem, Clinical Professor of Pathology, University of Chicago Pritzker School of Medicine, Evanston, IL, USA

    Karen L. Kaul

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Braicu, C., Gulei, D., de Melo Maia, B., Berindan-Neagoe, I., Calin, G.A. (2019). miRNA Expression Assays. In: Netto, G., Kaul, K. (eds) Genomic Applications in Pathology. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-96830-8_5

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