Abstract
The main factors that produce variations in sea level are: wind, through friction on the surface of the sea, in the form of surface waves and currents; atmospheric pressure; astronomical effects, associated with the relative positions of Earth, Sun and Moon. Other complementary factors also affect the sea level: eustasy, an effect dependent on the volume of water in the global ocean; steric effects, resulting from the variation of the volume of the water; halosteric effects, associated with salinity variations; isostasy, varying the average level of the sea due to changes in the position of the seabed and the topography of the coasts; local variations of the Earth’s gravity field.
The mean sea level in Santos has great variability, so that a large number of complete years should be considered for assessing the real sea level trend, because several long period periodicities are present in the records; the computed trends show great variations, and some decades have a definite decreasing trend of mean sea level; yet, earlier decades tend to have lower trends than recent ones, so the rise in mean sea level can be considered to accelerate over time.
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Harari, J., de Camargo, R., Souza, C.R.d.G., Nunes, L.H. (2019). Projection and Uncertainties of Sea Level Trends in Baixada Santista. In: Nunes, L., Greco, R., Marengo, J. (eds) Climate Change in Santos Brazil: Projections, Impacts and Adaptation Options. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-96535-2_5
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