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Nutrition and Liver Disease

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Abstract

Protein-energy malnutrition is one of the most frequent complications in chronic liver diseases. Sarcopenia or muscle wasting has recently emerged as a central element. It is especially prevalent in young children with chronic cholestasis and fat malabsorption. It negatively impacts on prognosis, with and without liver transplantation. It should be prevented or treated with early nutritional treatment, oral or enteral, and the maintenance of physical activity. Vitamins and oligo-elements should be regularly checked and supplemented as needed.

Intestinal failure-associated liver disease is the most prevalent complication of long-term parenteral nutrition (PN). It is a multifactorial disease, where prematurity, anatomical factors, infections, and toxic effects of PN solutions interact. The prevention or correction of risk factors and the manipulation of PN, especially the reestablishment of enterohepatic circulation, control of infections, and use of fish oil-containing lipid emulsions, improve the evolution in most cases. Early shared care with an intestinal failure center is important to guide the management and timely refer for intestinal transplantation as needed.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Pediatric Gastroenterology-Hepatology-Nutrition Unit, Hôpital Universitaire Necker-Enfants Malades, University Paris Cité Sorbonne Paris Descartes Medical School, Paris, France

    Florence Lacaille

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Correspondence to Florence Lacaille .

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  1. Paediatric Hepatology, Gastroenterology and Transplantation, Hospital Papa Giovanni XXIII Bergamo, Bergamo, Italy

    Lorenzo D'Antiga

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Lacaille, F. (2019). Nutrition and Liver Disease. In: D'Antiga, L. (eds) Pediatric Hepatology and Liver Transplantation. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-96400-3_23

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-96400-3_23

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