Abstract
Landmarks are important elements in route instructions communicated for wayfinding in unfamiliar environments. This paper aims to investigate the distribution of local landmarks in human sketch maps provided for wayfinding purpose. We investigated sets of route instructions given by student participants who were asked to give directions in environments that they are very familiar with to someone unfamiliar. These environments differ in size as well as their relation to city centers. In particular, one route goes into the city, one route goes through the city center, and the third route ranges between two cities. The results show that local landmarks are distributed differently in each route and showing high density of landmarks at some portions of the route. The study further clarifies the distribution of landmarks along routes with relation to the length of the route. It also contributes to the work concerning the cognitive aspects of wayfinding with a specific focus on the distribution of landmarks in route instructions.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
References
Allen, G.: Principles and practices for communicating route knowledge. Appl. Cognit. Psychol. 14(4), 333–359 (2000)
Kuipers, B.: The “map in the head” metaphor. Environ. Behav. 14(2), 202–220 (1982)
Sorrows, M.E., Hirtle, S.C.: The nature of landmarks for real and electronic spaces. In: Freksa, C., Mark, D.M. (eds.) COSIT 1999. LNCS, vol. 1661, pp. 37–50. Springer, Heidelberg (1999). https://doi.org/10.1007/3-540-48384-5_3
Denis, M.: The description of routes: a cognitive approach to the production of spatial discourse. Cahiers de psychol. cognit. 16(4), 409–458 (1997)
Timpf, S.: Ontologies of wayfinding: a traveler’s perspective. Netw. Spat. Econ. 2(1), 9–33 (2002)
Wiener, J., Büchner, S., Hölscher, C.: Towards a taxonomy of wayfinding tasks: a knowledge-based approach. Spat. Cognit. Comput. Interdiscip. J. 9, 152–165 (2009)
Raubal, M., Egenhofer, M.: Comparing the complexity of wayfinding tasks in built environments. Environ. Plann. B 25, 895–914 (1998)
Nothegger, C., Winter, S., Raubal, M.: Selection of salient features for route directions. Spat. Cognit. Comput. Interdiscip. J. 4(2), 113–136 (2009)
Winter, S.: Route adaptive selection of salient features. In: Kuhn, W., Worboys, M.F., Timpf, S. (eds.) COSIT 2003. LNCS, vol. 2825, pp. 349–361. Springer, Heidelberg (2003). https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-39923-0_23
Klippel, A., Winter, S.: Structural salience of landmarks for route directions. In: Cohn, A.G., Mark, D.M. (eds.) COSIT 2005. LNCS, vol. 3693, pp. 347–362. Springer, Heidelberg (2005). https://doi.org/10.1007/11556114_22
Schroder, C., Mackaness, W., Gittings, B.: Giving the ‘right’ route directions: the requirements for pedestrian navigation systems. Trans. GIS 15(3), 419–438 (2011)
Dale, R., Geldof, S., Prost, J.-P.: Generating more natural route descriptions. In: Proceedings of the 2002 Australasian, pp. 41–48 (2002)
Raubal, M., Winter, S.: Enriching wayfinding instructions with local landmarks. In: Egenhofer, M.J., Mark, D.M. (eds.) GIScience 2002. LNCS, vol. 2478, pp. 243–259. Springer, Heidelberg (2002). https://doi.org/10.1007/3-540-45799-2_17
Elias, B.: Determination of landmarks and reliability criteria for landmarks (2003)
Tom, A., Denis, M.: Referring to landmark or street information in route directions: what difference does it make? In: Kuhn, W., Worboys, M.F., Timpf, S. (eds.) COSIT 2003. LNCS, vol. 2825, pp. 362–374. Springer, Heidelberg (2003). https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-39923-0_24
Rehrl, K., Leitinger, S., Gartner, G., Ortag, F.: An analysis of direction and motion concepts in verbal descriptions of route choices. In: Hornsby, K.S., Claramunt, C., Denis, M., Ligozat, G. (eds.) COSIT 2009. LNCS, vol. 5756, pp. 471–488. Springer, Heidelberg (2009). https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-03832-7_29
Jackson, P.: In search of better route guidance instructions. Ergonomics 41(7), 1000–1013 (1998)
Meilinger, T., Knauff, M.: Ask for directions or use a map: a field experiment on spatial orientation and wayfinding in an urban environment. Spat. Sci. 53(2), 13–23 (2008)
Denis, M., Pazzaglia, F., Cornoldi, C., Bertolo, L.: Spatial discourse and navigation: an analysis of route directions in the city of Venice. Appl. Cognit. Psychol. 13(2), 145–174 (1999)
Michon, P.-E., Denis, M.: When and why are visual landmarks used in giving directions? In: Montello, D.R. (ed.) COSIT 2001. LNCS, vol. 2205, pp. 292–305. Springer, Heidelberg (2001). https://doi.org/10.1007/3-540-45424-1_20
Brosset, D., Claramunt, C., Saux, E.: A location and action-based model for route descriptions. In: Fonseca, F., Rodríguez, M.A., Levashkin, S. (eds.) GeoS 2007. LNCS, vol. 4853, pp. 146–159. Springer, Heidelberg (2007). https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-76876-0_10
Lovelace, K.L., Hegarty, M., Montello, D.R.: Elements of good route directions in familiar and unfamiliar environments. In: Freksa, C., Mark, D.M. (eds.) COSIT 1999. LNCS, vol. 1661, pp. 65–82. Springer, Heidelberg (1999). https://doi.org/10.1007/3-540-48384-5_5
Sadalla, E., Burroughs, W., Staplin, L.: Reference points in spatial cognition. J. Exp. Psychol. Hum.Learn. Mem. 6(5), 516–528 (1980)
Allen, G.L.: From knowledge to words to wayfinding: issues in the production and comprehension of route directions. In: Hirtle, S.C., Frank, A.U. (eds.) COSIT 1997. LNCS, vol. 1329, pp. 363–372. Springer, Heidelberg (1997). https://doi.org/10.1007/3-540-63623-4_61
Brosset, D., Claramunt, C., Saux, E.: Wayfinding in natural and urban environments: a comparative study. Cartographica 43(1), 21–30 (2008)
Schwering, A., Li, R., Anacta, V.: orientation information in different forms of route instructions. In: Danny Vandenbroucke, B. (ed.) Proceedings on The 16th AGILE International Conference on Geographic Information Science (2013)
Winter, S.: Communication about space. Trans. GIS, Guest Editor. 8(3), 291–296 (2004)
Dalton, R.: The secret is to follow your nose: route path selection and angularity. Environ. Behav. 35(1), 107–131 (2003)
Elias, B.: Extracting landmarks with data mining methods. In: Kuhn, W., Worboys, M.F., Timpf, S. (eds.) COSIT 2003. LNCS, vol. 2825, pp. 375–389. Springer, Heidelberg (2003). https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-39923-0_25
Dräger, M., Koller, A.: Generation of landmark-based navigation instructions from open-source data. In: Proceedings of the 13th Conference of the European Chapter of the Association for Computational Linguistics, Stroudsburg, PA, USA, pp. 757–766 (2012)
Rousell, A., Hahmann, S., Bakillah, M., Mobasheri, A.: Extraction of landmarks from OpenStreetMap for use in navigational instructions. In: Proceedings of the 18th AGILE Conference on Geographic Information Science, Lisbon, Portugal (2015)
Duckham, M., Winter, S., Robinson, M.: Including landmarks in routing instructions. J. Locat. Based Serv. 4(1), 28–52 (2010)
Acknowledgements
We acknowledge the support of the German Research Foundation (DFG) with project number SCHW 1372/15-1 and the European Research Council (ERC Starting Grant No. 637645).
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2018 Springer Nature Switzerland AG
About this paper
Cite this paper
Anacta, V.J.A., Li, R., Löwen, H., De Lima Galvao, M., Schwering, A. (2018). Spatial Distribution of Local Landmarks in Route-Based Sketch Maps. In: Creem-Regehr, S., Schöning, J., Klippel, A. (eds) Spatial Cognition XI. Spatial Cognition 2018. Lecture Notes in Computer Science(), vol 11034. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-96385-3_8
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-96385-3_8
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Cham
Print ISBN: 978-3-319-96384-6
Online ISBN: 978-3-319-96385-3
eBook Packages: Computer ScienceComputer Science (R0)