Abstract
Two fundamental mechanisms of magnetic reconnection worked out by Sweet–Parker tandem (Parker, J Geophys Res 62:509, 1957; Sweet, IAU symposium on electromagnetic phenomena in cosmic plasmas, Stockholm, 1956 (1958), p 123) and Petschek (The physics of solar flares, ed. by W.N. Hess. Proceedings of the AAS-NASA symposium on physics (NASA, Washington, 1964), pp 425–439) were both aimed to explain an enormous amount of energy produced by coronal flares. Since then, extensive studies of a topological change of magnetic field resulted in a huge body of refined reconnection theories, beautiful laboratory experiments, and numerical modeling. One thing, however, remained for a long time unchanged: the subject of studies, magnetized plasma, has been a priori considered magnetically dominated, i.e., having very low plasma beta, β = 8πp∕B 2 ≪ 1. It is just this condition that provides release of a huge amount of energy stored in magnetic fields due to their topological change. This simple fact dominated so strongly that during almost six decades there was no attempt to investigate the opposite situation, i.e., when topologically favorable conditions for reconnection appear in gas-dominated plasma with finite or even larger than unity plasma beta, β = 8πp∕B 2 ≥ 1. As quest was for large amount of magnetic energy, the case of high-beta plasma (with magnetic energy less that gas-kinetic energy) did not seem promising. This, however, proved to be wrong. It turned out that in case of small-scale magnetic flux tubes under real conditions of solar photosphere, high β reconnection is unavoidable process. In the photosphere, magnetic flux tubes buffeted by convective motions collide and reconnect. True that the photospheric reconnection does not give the immediate gain in energy, but it sets the system in strongly unstable state. Now, the central problem becomes to understand how the post-reconnection products evolve. In this chapter, we shall study the peculiarities of high β reconnection , and what is more important, the post-reconnection processes. We shall see that high-beta reconnection triggers various nonlinear processes that are responsible for wide range of observed phenomena.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
References
W.I. Axford, in Magnetic Reconnection in Space and Laboratory Plasmas, ed. by E.W. Hones Jr., Geophysical Monograph Series, vol. 30 (AGU, Washington, 1984), pp. 1–8
A.O. Benz, S. Krucker, Astron. Astrophys. 341, 286 (1999)
T. Berger, A. Title ApJ 463, 365 (1996)
D. Biskamp, Phys. Fluids 29, 1520 (1986)
P. Brekke, D.M. Hassler, K. Wilhelm, Solar Phys. 175, 349 (1997)
V. Bumba, Publ. Crim. Ap. Obs. 19, 105, (1958)
J.W. Dungey, Phil. Mag. 44, 725 (1953)
H.P. Furth, J. Killeen, M.N. Rosenbluth, Phys. Fluids 6, 459 (1963)
R. Giovanelli, Nature 158, 81 (1946)
R. Giovanelli, Mon. Not. R. Astron. Soc. 108, 163 (1948)
R.A. Harrison et al., Solar Phys. 170, 123 (1997)
R. Kulsrud, Phys. Plasmas 18, 111201 (2011)
L.D. Landau, E.M. Lifshitz, Fluid Mechanics (Pergamon Press, Oxford, 1987)
P. Maltby et al. ApJ 306, 284 (1986)
G. E. Moreton, A. B. Severny, Solar Phys. 3, 282 (1968)
E.N. Parker, J. Geophys. Res. 62, 509 (1957)
E.N. Parker, Cosmical Magnetic Fields (Clarendon Pres, Oxford, 1979)
E.N. Parker, ApJ 376, 355 (1991)
E. Petschek, in The Physics of Solar Flares, ed. by W.N. Hess. Proceedings of the AAS-NASA Symposium on Physics (NASA, Washington, 1964), pp. 425–439
E. Priest, T. Forbes, Magnetic Reconnection-MHD Theory and Applications (Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 2000)
P. Rosenau, Three dimensional flow with Neutral Points. Phys. Fluids 22, 5 (1979)
D.D. Ryutov, M.P. Ryutova, Sov. Phys. JETP 43, 491 (1976)
M.P. Ryutova, T.D. Tarbell, ApJ 541, L29 (2000)
M. Ryutova, S. Habbal, R. Woo, T. Tarbell, Solar Phys. 200, 213 (2001)
M. Ryutova, T. Tarbell, R. Shine, Solar Phys. 213, 231 (2003)
J. Sánchez Almeida, ApJ 556, 928 (2001)
B.V. Somov, Physical Processes in Solar Flares (Kluwer Academic Publishers, Dordrecht, 1992)
H.C. Spruit, AA 98, 155 (1981)
P.A. Sweet, in IAU Symposium on Electromagnetic Phenomena in Cosmic Plasmas, Stockholm, 1956 (1958), p. 123
S. I. Syrovatskii Ann. Rev. Astron. Astrophys. 19, 163 (1981)
T. Tarbell, M. Ryutova, J. Covington, A. Fludra, ApJ 514, L47 (1999)
T. Tarbell, M. Ryutova, R. Shine, Solar Phys. 193, 195 (2000)
M. Yamada, R. Kulsrud, H. Ji, Rev. Mod. Phys. 82, 603–664 (2010)
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2018 Springer Nature Switzerland AG
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Ryutova, M. (2018). Reconnection of Flux Tubes: Specifics of High Plasma β . In: Physics of Magnetic Flux Tubes. Astrophysics and Space Science Library, vol 455. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-96361-7_12
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-96361-7_12
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Cham
Print ISBN: 978-3-319-96360-0
Online ISBN: 978-3-319-96361-7
eBook Packages: Physics and AstronomyPhysics and Astronomy (R0)