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(Dis)Embeddedness in Transnational Contexts

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Transnational Lives in Global Cities

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Abstract

This chapter starts with a literature review on the (dis)embeddedness of transnational migrants who often have similar characteristics when compared with those of the 109 Chinese Singaporeans studied in one of four global cities: being middle-class, well-educated, often highly-skilled, and having lived in Asia and/or the West. Emphasis in this review also is on literature that pertains to one of the four transnational contexts studied in this book: education, work, family, and friendships/lifestyle. Then, the chapter comments on the characteristics of the four global cities of this book’s multi-sited research: Hong Kong, London, New York, and Singapore. This is by concentrating how the characteristics of these four global cities are relevant to migrants who live in these cities, and who possibly share characteristics with the Chinese Singaporeans studied in this book. Next, this chapter explains the methods of this multi-sited, and qualitative, research. This includes generating and using transnational biographies, and the sampling methods.

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Notes

  1. 1.

    The Parents Maintenance Act in Singapore is a legal requirement for sons and daughters to take care of their parents if they have the means to do so, before parents are eligible to apply for government help.

  2. 2.

    This language policy (Chua 1995) also aimed at reducing the different languages in Singapore , such as different Chinese dialects, including Hokkien, Teochew, Cantonese, Hakka, or Hainanese.

  3. 3.

    Male Singaporeans living abroad during the time of their mandatory military service, starting in their late teens or very early twenties and ending in their forties or fifties, are obliged to provide the Singaporean government with their contact details. These records help the government to identify where Singaporean men abroad live, but this information is not available to the public. Exits from and entries into Singapore are monitored, but these data also are not publicly available.

  4. 4.

    I interviewed the participants in London and in New York . The participants in Hong Kong were interviewed by my research associate, Ms. Vivien Won, and the participants in Singapore were interviewed by my research associates Ms. Vivien Won and Mr. Alex Ang, and me.

  5. 5.

    Among the 24 Chinese Singaporeans researched in London , two participants lived elsewhere in Britain , and they were researched while they visited London . Of the 38 participants researched in Singapore , one participant lived in London and was researched in Singapore because there had not been enough time in London . She is grouped in the Singapore sample because of the emphasis of this book to study the ‘present’ (at the time of research) transnational lives of the Chinese Singaporeans .

  6. 6.

    My thanks go to the many undergraduate students in Sociology of Nanyang Technological University in Singapore who wrote the verbatim interview transcripts, a work for which they were remunerated. It was very helpful to have Singaporeans writing these transcripts because of their familiarity with the colloquial use of English by many participants in this study.

  7. 7.

    In Singapore , Singaporeans who have passed their twenty-first birthday have the age of majority, which enables them to give consent. Although the laws in the other societies of research are different, I chose to only research participants 21 years old or older, as this research was based in Singapore . This study only includes Chinese Singaporeans , and not other ‘races’ of Singaporeans—despite Singapore ’s strong emphasis on being a ‘multiracial’ society—because researching different ‘races’ of Singaporeans was not feasible in this multi-sited research for several reasons: e.g. the number of participants in each of the four global cities would have had to be much higher. Qualitative data on 109 participants’ migration experiences, with the majority of the participants having multiple such experiences, already is an enormously large data base for a qualitative study! Furthermore, different ‘races’ of Singaporeans are perceived differently when Singaporeans live overseas, and this would have added too much complexity in this multi-sited study, which worked inductively. A much larger research team would be needed to conduct such a study.

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    Caroline Plüss

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Plüss, C. (2018). (Dis)Embeddedness in Transnational Contexts. In: Transnational Lives in Global Cities. Palgrave Macmillan, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-96331-0_2

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