Abstract
The expansion of crops grown solely for energy production results in land-use changes that in turn carry environmental consequences, notably for water resources. By means of a review of the literature, we analyzed the causal chain linking the expansion of perennial and annual crops destined for bioenergy (heat, electricity, fuel), to land-use changes (direct and indirect), and then to impacts on the quantity and quality of water. Fifty-four articles were identified. The majority of research since the end of the 2000s relates (in equal amounts) to first-generation or second-generation biofuels, although other forms of bioenergy, for example for heat or electricity, have also received some attention. The most frequently studied production areas are in North America (mainly in the USA), South America, and Europe, all regions where public policies have encouraged the development of biomass crops. Direct and indirect land-use changes considered relate primarily to the conversion of forests and grasslands into annual crops, and secondarily to the establishment of perennial crops to replace annual crops. The most frequently studied impacts are those relating to water consumption and eutrophication, usually at the regional level. Methodologies are rarely based on data collected in the field, but instead make use of biophysical modeling to generate projections, or adopt multi-criteria approaches of the life-cycle analysis type. Given the range of different climates, geographic zones, biomass types, and research methods involved, it is difficult to draw firm conclusions, but it would appear that second-generation biofuels have less of an impact on water resources than other forms of bioenergy.
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Acknowledgments
This study was funded by the Agency for Energy and the Environment (ADEME) and the Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry (contract no. 12-60-C0004). It was made possible by the work of Sophie Le Perchec (INRA Rennes), who completed the literature search, as well as by the following researchers, who contributed to the detailed analysis of the articles: Laure Bamière (INRA Grignon), Aude Barbottin (INRA Grignon), Valentin Bellassen (INRA Dijon), Martial Bernoux (IRD Montpellier), Cécile Bessou (CIRAD Montpellier), Antonio Bispo (ADEME Angers), François Chiron (AgroParisTech, Orsay), Stéphane De Cara (INRA Grignon), Patrice Dumas (CIRAD Montpellier), Guillaume Décocq (Univ. Picardie Jules-Vernes, Amiens), Jean-François Dhôte (INRA Nancy), Monia El Akkari (INRA Paris), Sabrina Gaba (INRA Dijon), Benoît Gabrielle (AgroParisTech, Grignon), Philippe Lescoat (AgroParisTech, Paris), David Makowski (INRA Grignon), Olivier Réchauchère (INRA Paris), and Julie Wohlfahrt (INRA Mirecourt).
The author would also like to thank two anonymous readers for their insightful comments, which made it possible to improve the quality of this article.
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Bispo, A. (2018). Review of the Impacts on Water of Land-Use Changes Induced by Non-food Biomass Production. In: Réchauchère, O., Bispo, A., Gabrielle, B., Makowski, D. (eds) Sustainable Agriculture Reviews 30. Sustainable Agriculture Reviews, vol 30. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-96289-4_5
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