Abstract
Biomass production has developed significantly in the latest decades to meet the growing needs of the bioeconomy sector, a trend which is expected to continue in the near future to substitute dwindling fossil resources. Concerns were recently raised on the consequences of expanding feedstock production on land-use worldwide, prompting a surge in scientific publications. These consequences may be analysed through a three-step causal chain relating drivers of feedstock production, changes in land-use (LUC), and environmental impacts such as greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, biodiversity, water resources, soil quality, or atmospheric pollution. Here, we set out to examine how this booming area of research is currently structured in terms of foci, methodologies employed, or types of LUC studied. It appeared especially relevant since this research bears a degree of performativity in that it is likely to influence and shape policies in the realm of the emerging bioeconomy sector.
A qualitative analysis of the body of 236 articles selected through a systematic literature survey evidenced the following characteristics. There was a strong emphasis on 1G biofuels, and on lignocellulosic feedstocks in relation to 2G biofuels. Most of the LUC reported occurred in Europe and North America, and the region involved by indirect LUC was rarely specified. In terms of methods to work out the causal chain, the use of simple, ad’hoc calculations or statistics dominated except for impact assessment, where LCA was relied on very frequently. The use of economic modeling to predict LUC in response to various drivers was far from dominant, but tended to result in more conservative outcomes regarding the environmental benefits of bio-based products, in comparison with fossil-based value-chains.
Most studies focused on single products, feedstocks, or environmental impacts, and the connection with food/feed production was rarely addressed per se. The analysis of multi-functional systems, integrating non-food and food production and value-chains should be fostered, along with interactions between the various research communities currently seeking to address the LUC-mediated impacts of the bio-based economy.
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Acknowledgements
This work was funded by the French Environment and Energy Management Agency (ADEME) and the Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry under grant contract 12-60-C0004. Assistance from Sophie Le Perchec (INRA Rennes) in the literature search is acknowledged, as well as the following scientists who contributed to the detailed analysis of the scientific articles: Laure Bamière (INRA Grignon), Valentin Bellassen (INRA Dijon), Martial Bernoux (IRD Montpellier), Cécile Bessou (CIRAD Montpellier), Antonio Bispo (ADEME Angers), François Chiron (AgroParisTech, Orsay), Stéphane De Cara (INRA Grignon), Patrice Dumas (CIRAD Montpellier), Guillaume Décocq (Univ. Picardie Jules-Vernes, Amiens), Jean-François Dhôte (INRA Nancy), Monia El Akkari (INRA Paris), Nathalie Frascaria (AgroParisTech, Orsay), Sabrina Gaba (INRA Dijon), Philippe Lescoat (AgroParisTech, Paris), David Makowski (INRA Grignon), Olivier Réchauchère (INRA Paris).
The authors would also like to thank two anonymous readers for their insightful comments, which made it possible to improve the quality of this article.
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Gabrielle, B., Barbottin, A., Wohlfahrt, J. (2018). The Environmental Impacts of Non-food Biomass Production Through Land-Use Changes: Scope, Foci and Methodology of Current Research. In: Réchauchère, O., Bispo, A., Gabrielle, B., Makowski, D. (eds) Sustainable Agriculture Reviews 30. Sustainable Agriculture Reviews, vol 30. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-96289-4_3
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