Abstract
The impinging jet test is widely used in laboratory and in situ to determine critical shear stress and erodibility rate of soils. However, quantification of the forces under this test at the soil particulate level is complex and results in varying interpretation of measured data. The computational fluid dynamics (CFD) has shown effectiveness to study the jet flow features and its effects on erosion. But it cannot explicitly account for the interaction forces between the fluid and soil particles during the dynamic erosion process. This study employs a methodology of the coupled CFD and discrete element method (DEM) to account for such interaction forces directly to study the sand erosion mechanisms under an impinging jet. The interaction forces, including the Di Felice drag force, pressure gradient force, viscous force, and buoyant force, between the fluid and sand particles were incorporated and analyzed during the sand erosion process. A total of nine cases with varying jet Reynolds numbers and ratios of jet height to nozzle diameter (H/D) were simulated. The results show that the coupled CFD and DEM analysis can capture the sand erosion features and scour patterns well, which are dependent on the ratios of H/D and jet Reynolds numbers. By examining the evolution of the maximum fluid-particle interaction forces, different erosion stages, including scour onset, scour developing, and scour stabilization, are identified. Finally, the distributions of the fluid-particle interaction forces along the surface of the sand bed provide a better understanding of the formations of different shapes of scour hole and sand erosion mechanisms at the particulate scale.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
References
Aderibigbe, O.O., Rajaratnam, N.: Erosion of loose beds by submerged circular impinging vertical turbulent jets. J. Hydraul. Res. 34(1), 19–33 (1996). https://doi.org/10.1080/00221689609498762
Beltaos, S., Rajaratnam, N.: Impinging circular turbulent jets. J. Hydraulics Div. 100(10), 1313–1328 (1974)
CFDEM®project: https://www.cfdem.com/ (2017). Accessed by 15 Aug
Chen, J., Wang, Y., Li, X., et al.: Erosion prediction of liquid-particle two-phase flow in pipeline elbows via CFD–DEM coupling method. Powder Technol. 282, 25–31 (2015)
Generic EDEM Material Model (GEMM) Database: https://www.edemsimulation.com/gemm/ (2017). Accessed by 15 Aug
Hanson, G.J., Cook, K.R.: Apparatus, test procedures, and analytical methods to measure soil erodibility in situ. Appl. Eng. Agric. 20(4), 455–462 (2004)
Hanson, G.J., Hunt, S.L.: Lessons learned using laboratory jet test method to measure soil erodibility of compacted soils. Appl. Eng. Agric. 23(3), 305–312 (2006)
Hanson, G.J., Robinson, K.M., Temple, D.M.: Pressure and stress distributions due to a submerged impinging jet. Hydraul. Eng., 525–530 (1990)
Hou, J., Zhang, L., Gong, Y., et al.: Theoretical and experimental study of scour depth by submerged water jet. Adv. Mech. Eng. 8(12), 1–9 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1177/1687814016682392
Kuang, S.B., LaMarche, C.Q., Curtis, J.S., Yu, A.B.: Discrete particle simulation of jet-induced cratering of a granular bed. Powder Technol. 239, 319–336 (2013)
Mazurek, K.A., Rajaratnam, N., Sego, D.C.: Scour of cohesive soil by submerged circular turbulent impinging jets. J. Hydraul. Eng. 127(7), 598–606 (2001)
Mercier, F., Bonelli, S., Anselmet, F., et al.: On the numerical modelling of the jet erosion test. In: The 6th International Conference on Scour and Erosion, Paris, France, pp. 601–608 (2012)
Mercier, F.: Numerical modelling of erosion of a cohesive soil by a turbulent flow. Doctoral dissertation, Aix-Marseille Université (2013)
Moore, W.L., Masch Jr., F.D.: Experiments on the scour resistance of cohesive sediments. J. Geophys. Res. 67(4), 1437–1449 (1962)
OpenFOAM-3.0.1: User Guide. OpenFOAM Foundation Ltd. (2015)
Serrano, V.M.C.: Numerical Investigation of the Shear Stress Distribution Resulting from a Turbulent Impinging Jet. Master thesis, Washington State University (2015)
Weidner, K., Petrie, J., Diplas, P., et al.: Numerical simulation of jet test and associated soil erosion. In: The 6th International Conference on Scour and Erosion, Paris, France, pp. 609–616 (2012)
Weidner, K.L.: Evaluation of the jet test method for determining the erosional properties of cohesive soils: a numerical approach. Master thesis, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University (2012)
Zhang, Y., Zhao, M., Kwok, K.C.S., Liu, M.M.: Computational fluid dynamics-discrete element method analysis of the onset of scour around subsea pipelines. Appl. Math. Model. 39, 7611–7619 (2015)
Zhao, J., Shan, T.: Coupled CFD-DEM simulation of fluid-particle interaction in geomechanics. Powder Technol. 239, 248–258 (2013)
Zhou, Z.Y., Kuang, S.B., Chu, K.W., Yu, A.B.: Discrete particle simulation of particle-fluid flow: model formulations and their applicability. J. Fluid Mech. 661, 482–510 (2010). https://doi.org/10.1017/S002211201000306X
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2019 Springer International Publishing AG, part of Springer Nature
About this paper
Cite this paper
Zhang, K., Petrie, J., Ham, SM., Muhunthan, B., Kwon, TH. (2019). Numerical Analysis at the Particulate Scale of Sand Erosion Under Impinging Jet. In: Chen, D., Kim, S., Tapase, A. (eds) Advancements on Sustainable Civil Infrastructures. GeoChina 2018. Sustainable Civil Infrastructures. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-96241-2_3
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-96241-2_3
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Cham
Print ISBN: 978-3-319-96240-5
Online ISBN: 978-3-319-96241-2
eBook Packages: Earth and Environmental ScienceEarth and Environmental Science (R0)