Conclusion

Abstract

This chapter summarizes this study by unfolding the categories of actors in the foreign policy decision-making process. The argument revolves around the disposition of conduct rather than the personalities of individuals in charge to understand why and how they chose unintended partners. The actors in the foreign policy making process can be classified into four types: promoter, follower, critic and observer. The promoters accelerated the invasions of the late 1930s, after many negotiators became mere observers. It was too late to apply the brakes by then, and the Axis nations headed toward a course of unlimited aggression, which ultimately led to the formation of the Tripartite Alliance.

The original version of this chapter was revised: Belated corrections have been incorporated. The correction to this chapter is available at https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-96223-8_9