Abstract
This chapter assesses the leverage of the analytical argument through broader comparison with expansionary reforms introduced in countries with a traditionally weak social assistance model (Portugal and Italy in 2018) and the subtractive reforms introduced in countries with consolidated programmes (Austria and Denmark). The book then concludes with a review of the main findings of the book and then discuss its main theoretical implications and possible avenues for future research.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
References
Abrahamson, P., Andersen, J., Henriksen, J. P., & Larsen, J. E. (1987). Poverty, Unemployment, Marginalization (Research Report. Poverty Project, No. 1). Department of Sociology, University of Copenhagen.
Adão, P. (2009). Waving the European Flag in a Southern European Welfare State: Factors Behind Domestic Compliance with European Social Policy in Portugal. PhD thesis, European University Institute.
Afonso, A. (2013). Social Concertation in Times of Austerity. European Integration and the Politics of Labour Market Reforms in Austria and Switzerland. Amsterdam: Amsterdam University Press.
Aichholzer, J., Kritzinger, S., Wagner, M., & Zeglovits, E. (2014). How Has Radical Right Support Transformed Established Political Conflicts? The Case of Austria. West European Politics, 37(1), 113–137.
Altreiter, C., & Leibetseder, B. (2015). Constructing Inequality: Deserving and Undeserving Clients in Austrian Social Assistance Offices. Journal of Social Policy, 44(1), 127–145.
Andersen, J. G. (2007). Restricting Access to Social Protection for Immigrants in the Danish Welfare State. Benefits: A Journal of Social Security Research, Policy and Practice, 15(3), 257–271.
Arndt, C. (2016). Issue Evolution and the Remaking of Partisan Alignments in a European Multiparty System: Elite and Mass Repositioning in Denmark 1968–2011. European Union Politics, 17(4), 660–682.
Bahle, T., Hubl, V., & Pfeifer, M. (2011). The Last Safety Net. A Handbook of Minimum Income Protection in Europe. Bristol: The Policy Press.
Baptista, I., & Cabrita, J. (2009). Minimum Income Schemes in Portugal. A Study of National Policies, European Commission DG Employment, Social Affairs and Equal Opportunities, Bruxelles.
Bay, A. H., Finseraas, H., & Pedersen, A. W. (2013). Welfare Dualism in Two Scandinavian Welfare States: Public Opinion and Party Politics. West European Politics, 36(1), 199–220.
Benner, M., & Bundgaard Vad, T. (2001). Sweden and Denmark Defending the Welfare State. In F. Scharpf & V. A. Schmidt (Eds.), Welfare and Work in the Open Economy Volume II: Diverse Responses to Common Challenges in Twelve Countries. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Beramendi, P., Häusermann, S., Kitschelt, H., & Kriesi, H. (2015). The Politics of Advanced Capitalism. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Betthäuser, B. (2017). Protecting Outsiders? Corporatism and the Dualisation of Unemployment Protection in Germany and Austria. European Journal of Social Security, 19(3), 209–224.
Bonoli, G. (2013). The Origins of Active Social Policy. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Bulfone, F., & Tassinari, A. (2018). Democracies Without Choice? Electoral Politics, State-Business Relations and Labour Market Reforms in Southern Europe 2010–2017. Paper Presented at the European University Institute, 24 May.
Cantillon, B., & Vandenbroucke, F. (2013). Reconciling Work and Poverty Reduction. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Capucha, L., Bomba, T., Fernandes, R., & Matos, G. (2005). Portugal-A virtuous path towards minimum income? In M. Ferrera (Eds.), Welfare State Reform in Southern Europe: Fighting Poverty and Social Exclusion in Italy, Spain, Portugal and Greece. London: Routledge.
Diamanti, I. (2014). The 5 Star Movement: A Political Laboratory. Contemporary Italian Politics, 6(1), 4–15.
Durazzi, N., Fleckenstein, T., & Lee, S. C. (2018). Social Solidarity for All? Trade Union Strategies, Labor Market Dualization, and the Welfare State in Italy and South Korea. Politics & Society, 46(2), 205–233.
Eardley, T., Bradshaw, J., Ditch, J., Gough, I., & Whiteford. (1996). Social Assistance in OECD Countries. London: HMSO.
Easton, D. (1957). An Approach to the Analysis of Political Systems. World Politics, 9, 383–400.
Esmark, A., & Schoop, S. R. (2017). Deserving Social Benefits? Political Framing and Media Framing of ‘Deservingness’ in Two Welfare Reforms in Denmark. Journal of European Social Policy, 27(5), 417–432.
Ferrera, M., Hemerijck, A., & Rhodes, M. (2000). The Future of Social Europe: Recasting Work and Welfare in the New Economy. Oeiras: Celta Editora.
Ferrera, M., Fargion, V., & Jessoula, M. (2012). Alle radici del welfare all’italiana. Venezia: Marsilio.
Ferreira, L. V. (2000). A pobreza em Portugal na década de 80. Lisbon: Conselho Económico e Social.
Fink, M. (2015). ESPN Thematic Report on Social Investment: Austria. Directorate-General for Employment, Social Affairs and Inclusion, Brussels.
Fink, M., & Grand, P. (2009). Austria. Minimum Income Schemes: A Study of National Policies. Peer Review in Social Protection and Social Inclusion and Assessment in Social Inclusion.
Fink, M., & Leibetseder, B. (2017). The Failed National Reform of the Austrian Minimum Income Scheme: Austerity, Work, Welfare Chauvinism, Interests, Federalism and Elections. Paper Presented at the 15th Annual ESPAnet Conference, 14–16th September, Lisbon.
Freire, A. (2006). The Party System of Portugal. In O. Niedermayer, R. Stoss, & M. Haas (Eds.), Die Parteiensysteme Westeuropas. Wiesbaden: VS Verlag für Sozialwissenschaften.
Fuchs, M. (2007). Social Assistance—No, Thanks? Empirical Analysis of Non-Take-Up in Austria 2003 (EUROMOD Working Paper No. EM4/07).
Gingrich, J., & Häusermann, S. (2015). The Decline of the Working-Class Vote, the Reconfiguration of the Welfare Support Coalition and Consequences for the Welfare State. Journal of European Social Policy, 25(1), 50–75.
Gori, C. (2017). Verso un nuovo modello italiano di povertà? La Rivista delle Politiche Sociali/Italian Journal of Social Policy, 4, 183–205.
Gori, C., Baldini, M., Martini, A., Motta, M., Pellegrino, S., Pesaresi, et al. (2016). Il Reddito d’inclusione sociale. Bologna: il Mulino.
Graziano, P., Jacquot, S., & Palier, B. (Eds.). (2011). The EU and the Domestic Politics of Welfare State Reforms. Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan.
Guillén, A. M., & Álvarez, S. (2004). The EU’s Impact on the Spanish Welfare State: The Role of Cognitive Europeanization. Journal of European Social Policy, 14(3), 285–299.
Guillén, A. M., Álvarez, S., & Adão, P. (2003). Redesigning the Spanish and Portuguese Welfare States: The Impact of Accession into the European Union. South European Society and Politics, 8(1–2), 231–268.
Häusermann, S., Picot, G., & Geering, D. (2013). Partisan Politics and the Welfare State. Recent Advances in the Literature. British Journal of Political Science, 43(1), 221–240.
Jensen, C. (2014). The Right and the Welfare State. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Jessoula, M., & Alti, T. (2010). Italy: An Uncompleted Departure from Bismarck. In B. Palier (Ed.), A Long Goodbye to Bismarck? The Politics of Welfare Reform in Continental Europe. Amsterdam: Amsterdam University Press.
Jessoula, M., Kubisa, J., Madama, I., & Zielenska, M. (2014). Understanding Convergence and Divergence: Old and New Cleavages in the Politics of Minimum Income Schemes in Italy and Poland. Journal of International and Comparative Social Policy, 30(2), 128–146.
Kahl, S. (2009). Religious Social Doctrines and Poor Relief: A Different Causal Pathway. In P. Manow & K. Van Kersbergen (Eds.), Religion, Class Coalitions and Welfare States (pp. 267–295). New York: Cambridge University Press.
Korpi, W., & Palme, J. (1998). The Paradox of Redistribution and Strategies of Equality: Welfare State Institutions, Inequality, and Poverty in the Western Countries. American Sociological Review, 63(5), 661–687.
Kvist, J. (2015). ESPN Thematic Report on Minimum Income Schemes: Denmark. Directorate-General for Employment, Social Affairs and Inclusion, European Commission, Brussels.
Kvist, J., & Greve, B. (2011). Has the Nordic Welfare Model Been Transformed? Social Policy and Administration, 45(2), 146–160.
Kvist, J., & Harsløf, I. (2014). Workfare with Welfare Revisited: Instigating Dual Tracks Based on Ethnicity. In I. Lodemel & A. Moreira (Eds.), Activation or Workfare? Governance and the Neo-Liberal Convergence. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Lalioti, V. (2016). The Curious Case of the Guaranteed Minimum Income (GMI): Highlighting Greek ‘Exceptionalism’ in a Southern European Context. Journal of European Social Policy, 26(1), 80–93.
Lobo, M. C. (2001). The Role of Political Parties in Portuguese Democratic Consolidation. Party Politics, 7(5), 643–653.
Lodemel, I., & Moreira, A. (Eds.). (2014). Activation or Workfare? Governance and the Neo-Liberal Convergence. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Lumino, R., & Morlicchio, E. (2013). Gli schemi regionali di reddito minimo: davvero un’esperienza fallimentare? Autonomie locali e servizi sociali, 2, 235–248.
Luther, K. R. (2008). The 2006 Austrian Parliamentary Election: From Bipolarism to Forced Marriage. West European Politics, 31(5), 1004–1015.
Madama, I., & Jessoula, M. (2015). Alleanza contro la povertà e reddito minimo: perché può essere la volta buona. VV. AA. Dopo la crisi, costruiamo il Welfare, Rapporto 2015 (pp. 91–105). Caritas Italiana.
Madama, I., & Natili, M. (2016). A Farewell to Universalism, a Farewell to Equality? The Paradox of Redistribution in the Era of the New Politics of the Welfare State. Politiche Sociali/Social Policies, 3(3), 459–478.
Madama, I., Jessoula, M., & Natili, M. (2014). Minimum Income: The Italian Trajectory (LPF Working Paper 1/2014). Torino: Centro Einaudi.
Madama, I., Natili, M., & Agostini, C. (2018). Lucky Timing and Propitious Conditions: Italy’s Anti-Poverty Policy Under Europe 2020. In M. Jessoula & I. Madama (Eds.), A Chance for Social Europe. Europe 2020 and the Fight Against Poverty and Social Exclusion. London: Routledge.
Marin, B. (Ed.). (1990). Introduction: Generalised Political Exchange. Governance and Generalised Exchange. Self-Organising Policy Networks in Action. Frankfurt: Campus Verlag.
Marchal, S., & Van Mechelen, N. (2017). A New Kid in Town? Active Inclusion Elements in European Minimum Income Schemes. Social Policy & Administration, 51, 171–194.
Marx, I. (2007). A New Social Question? On Minimum Income Protection in the Post-Industrial Era. Amsterdam: Amsterdam University Press.
Marx, I., & Nelson, K. (Eds.). (2012). Minimum Income Protection in Flux. Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan.
Matsaganis, M. (2017). The Contorted Politics of Guaranteed Minimum Income in Greece. Paper Prepared for the ESPAnet Annual Conference, Lisbon, 14–16 September.
Matsaganis, M., & Leventi, C. (2014). The Distributional Impact of Austerity and the Recession in Southern Europe. South European Society and Politics, 19(3), 393–412.
Matsaganis, M., Ferrera, M., Capucha, L., & Moreno, L. (2003). Mending Nets in the South: Anti-Poverty Policies in Greece, Italy, Portugal and Spain. Social Policy and Administration, 37(6), 639–655.
Molina, O. (2006). Trade Union Strategies and Change in Neo-Corporatist Concertation: A New Century of Political Exchange? West European Politics, 29(4), 640–664.
Molina, O., & Rhodes, M. (2002). Corporatism: The Past, Present and Future of a Concept. Annual Review of Political Science, 5, 305–331.
Moreira, A., Carolo, D., & Nicola, R. (2014). From Gateway to Safety Net. The Dynamics of Activation Reforms in Portugal. In I. Lødemel & A. Moreira (Eds.), Activation or Workfare? Governance and The Neo-Liberal Convergence. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Morlino, L. (1998). Democracy Between Consolidation and Crisis. Parties, Groups, and Citizens in Southern Europe. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Müller, W., & Fallend, F. (2004). Changing Patterns of Party Competition in Austria: From Multipolar to Bipolar System. West European Politics, 27(5), 801–835.
Natali, D. (2003). The Role of Trade Unions in the Pension Reforms in France and Italy in the 1990’s: New Forms of Political Exchange? EUI Working Paper 3/2003.
Natili, M. (2016). Schemi di reddito minimo tra dinamiche di politics e sviluppi di policy. I casi di Friuli Venezia Giulia e Lazio. Rivista Italiana di Politiche Pubbliche, 1, 87–114.
Natili, M., Jessoula, M., Matsaganis, M., & Madama, I. (2018). The Right(s) and Minimum Income in Hard Times: Southern and Eastern Europe Compared. European Societies, Published Online 11 July 2018.
Obinger, H., & Tálos, E. (2010). Welfare Reforms in Austria Since the 1970s. In B. Palier (Ed.), A Long Goodbye to Bismarck? The Politics of Welfare Reforms in Continental Europe. Amsterdam: Amsterdam University Press.
Otjes, S., & Rasmussen, A. (2017). The Collaboration Between Interest Groups and Political Parties in Multi-Party Democracies: Party System Dynamics and the Effect of Power and Ideology. Party Politics, 23(2), 96–109.
Picot, G. (2012). Politics of Segmentation: Party Competition and Social Protection in Europe. London: Routledge.
Pierson, P. (2016). Review Symposium. Socio-Economic Review, 14(2), 383–394.
Pizzorno, A. (1977). Scambio politico e identità collettiva nel conflitto di classe. In C. Crouch & A. Pizzorno (Eds.), Conflitti in Europa. Milano: Etas libri.
Raitano, M., Natili, M., & Jessoula, M. (2018). Two Decades On, Italy Finally Introduces a National Minimum Income Scheme (ESPN Flash Report 2018/6). Luxembourg: European Social Policy Network.
Ranci, C. (Ed.). (2010). Social Vulnerability in Europe. Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan.
Regini, M. (1984). The Conditions for Political Exchange: How Concertation Emerged and Collapsed in Italy and Great Britain. In J. Goldthorpe (Ed.), Order and Conflict in Contemporary Capitalism. Oxford: Clarendon.
Rhodes, M. (2001). The Political Economy of Social Pacts: ‘Competitive Corporatism’ and European Welfare Reform. In P. Pierson (Ed.), The New Politics of the Welfare State. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Rosdahl, A., & Weise, A. (2001). When All Must Be Active—Workfare in Denmark. In I. Lødemel & H. Trickey (Eds.), ‘An Offer You Can’t Refuse’: Workfare in International Perspective. Bristol: The Policy Press.
Sabatier, P., & Jenkins-Smith, H. (1988). An Advocacy Coalition Framework of Policy Change and the Role of Policy-Oriented Learning Therein. Policy Sciences, 21, 129–168.
Sacchi, S., & Bastagli, F. (2005). Striving Uphill But Stopping Halfway. In M. Ferrera (Ed.), Welfare State Reform in Southern Europe: Fighting Poverty and Social Exclusion in Italy, Spain, Portugal and Greece. London: Routledge.
Saraceno, C. (2006). Social Assistance Policies and Decentralization in the Countries of Southern Europe. Revue française des affaires sociales, 5(5), 97–117.
Saraceno, C. (2015). Il lavoro non basta. Milano: Feltrinelli.
Schattschneider, E. (1948). Pressure Groups Versus Political Parties. Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science, 259, 17–23.
Torfing, J. (1999). Workfare with Welfare: Recent Reforms of the Danish Welfare State. Journal of European Social Policy, 9(1), 5–28.
Viebrock, E., & Clasen, J. (2009). Flexicurity and Welfare Reform: A Review. Socio-Economic Review, 7(2), 305–331.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2019 The Author(s)
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Natili, M. (2019). Credit-Claiming Dynamics and Minimum Income Reforms in the Age of Austerity. In: The Politics of Minimum Income . Work and Welfare in Europe. Palgrave Macmillan, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-96211-5_7
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-96211-5_7
Published:
Publisher Name: Palgrave Macmillan, Cham
Print ISBN: 978-3-319-96210-8
Online ISBN: 978-3-319-96211-5
eBook Packages: Social SciencesSocial Sciences (R0)