Skip to main content

Passive Upper Limb Exoskeletons: An Experimental Campaign with Workers

  • Conference paper
  • First Online:
Book cover Proceedings of the 20th Congress of the International Ergonomics Association (IEA 2018) (IEA 2018)

Abstract

Wearable exoskeletons are currently evaluated as technological aids for workers on the factory floor, as suggested by the philosophy of Industry 4.0. The paper presents the results of experimental tests carried out on a first prototype of a passive upper limbs exoskeleton developed by IUVO. Eighteen FCA workers participated to the study. Experimental tests were designed to evaluate the influence of the exoskeleton while accomplishing different tasks, both in static and dynamic conditions.

Quantitative and qualitative parameters were analyzed to evaluate usability, potential benefits and acceptability of the device. Results show, on average, that wearing the exoskeleton has a positive effect in increasing: (i) endurance time while holding demanding postures with raised arms and/or having to lift and hold small work tools, (ii) endurance time and accuracy execution in precision tasks. The users also declared a lower perceived effort, while performing tasks with the exoskeleton.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 169.00
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 219.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

References

  1. Gopura RARC, Kiguchi K, Bandara DSV (2011) A brief review on upper extremity robotic exoskeleton systems. In: 2011 6th international conference on industrial and information systems. IEEE, pp 346–351

    Google Scholar 

  2. Borzelli D, Pastorelli S, Gastaldi L (2017) Elbow musculoskeletal model for industrial exoskeleton with modulated impedance based on operator’s arm stiffness. Int J Autom Technol 11:442–449

    Article  Google Scholar 

  3. Yang C-J, Zhang J-F, Chen Y, Dong Y-M, Zhang Y (2008) A review of exoskeleton-type systems and their key technologies. Proc Inst Mech Eng Part C J Mech Eng Sci 222:1599–1612

    Article  Google Scholar 

  4. Belforte G, Sorli M, Gastaldi L (1997) Active orthosis for rehabilitation and passive exercise. In: International conference on simulations in biomedicine, Proceedings, BIOMED. Computational Mechanics Publ, pp 199–208

    Google Scholar 

  5. Zoss AB, Kazerooni H, Chu A (2006) Biomechanical design of the Berkeley lower extremity exoskeleton (BLEEX). IEEE/ASME Trans Mechatron 11:128–138

    Article  Google Scholar 

  6. Liang P, Yang C, Wang N, Li Z, Li R, Burdet E (2014) Implementation and test of human-operated and human-like adaptive impedance controls on Baxter robot. Presented at the conference towards autonomous robotic systems

    Google Scholar 

  7. Spada S, Ghibaudo L, Gilotta S, Gastaldi L, Cavatorta MP (2017) Investigation into the applicability of a passive upper-limb exoskeleton in automotive industry. Proc Manuf 11:1255–1262

    Google Scholar 

  8. Spada S, Ghibaudo L, Gilotta S, Gastaldi L, Cavatorta MP (2018) Analysis of exoskeleton introduction in industrial reality: main issues and EAWS risk assessment

    Google Scholar 

  9. de Looze MP, Bosch T, Krause F, Stadler KS, O’Sullivan LW (2016) Exoskeletons for industrial application and their potential effects on physical work load. Ergonomics 59:671–681

    Google Scholar 

  10. Kim S, Nussbaum MA, Mokhlespour Esfahani MI, Alemi MM, Alabdulkarim S, Rashedi E (2018) Assessing the influence of a passive, upper extremity exoskeletal vest for tasks requiring arm elevation: Part I – “Expected” effects on discomfort, shoulder muscle activity, and work task performance. Appl Ergon 70:315–322

    Article  Google Scholar 

  11. Romero D, Stahre J, Wuest T, Noran O, Bernus P, Fast-Berglund Å, Gorecky D (2016) Towards an operator 4.0 typology: a human-centric perspective on the fourth industrial revolution technologies. In: CIE 2016: 46th international conferences on computers and industrial engineering

    Google Scholar 

  12. Kim S, Nussbaum MA, Mokhlespour Esfahani MI, Alemi MM, Jia B, Rashedi E (2018) Assessing the influence of a passive, upper extremity exoskeletal vest for tasks requiring arm elevation: Part II – “Unexpected” effects on shoulder motion, balance, and spine loading. Appl Ergon 70:323–330

    Article  Google Scholar 

  13. Huysamen K, Bosch T, de Looze M, Stadler KS, Graf E, O’Sullivan LW (2018) Evaluation of a passive exoskeleton for static upper limb activities. Appl Ergon 70:148–155

    Article  Google Scholar 

  14. IUVO – Wearable Technologies. https://www.iuvo.company/

  15. Macdermid JC, Ghobrial M, Badra Quirion K, St-Amour M, Tsui T, Humphreys D, Mccluskie J, Shewayhat E, Galea V (2007) Validation of a new test that assesses functional performance of the upper extremity and neck (FIT-HaNSA) in patients with shoulder pathology. BMC Musculoskelet Disord 8:42

    Article  Google Scholar 

  16. Borg G (1998) Borg’s Perceived exertion and pain scales. Human Kinetics

    Google Scholar 

  17. Spada S, Ghibaudo L, Carnazzo C, Di Pardo M, Chander DS, Gastaldi L, Cavatorta MP (2018) Physical and virtual assessment of a passive exoskeleton. In: 20th congress international ergonomics association, Florence

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Maria Pia Cavatorta .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2019 Springer Nature Switzerland AG

About this paper

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this paper

Spada, S., Ghibaudo, L., Carnazzo, C., Gastaldi, L., Cavatorta, M.P. (2019). Passive Upper Limb Exoskeletons: An Experimental Campaign with Workers. In: Bagnara, S., Tartaglia, R., Albolino, S., Alexander, T., Fujita, Y. (eds) Proceedings of the 20th Congress of the International Ergonomics Association (IEA 2018). IEA 2018. Advances in Intelligent Systems and Computing, vol 825. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-96068-5_26

Download citation

Publish with us

Policies and ethics