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Helium Nano-bubble Formation in Tungsten

Part of the book series: Springer Theses ((Springer Theses))

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Abstract

This chapter provides an overview of the ITER fusion project and some of the major materials science challenges that must be overcome in order to ensure its success. Tungsten has been selected as the material of choice for ITER's exhaust region, known as the divertor, as it has the highest melting point of any metal and excellent thermal conductivity. The challenge for fusion science is to understand how these properties are likely to change over time, and whether degradation of these tungsten surfaces could affect the performance of the fusion plasma.

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Notes

  1. 1.

    Ideally, the steady-state operating temperature of the divertor will be maintained below ~1273 K so that it remains below the recrystalisation temperature of tungsten, however, certain factors such as the shape of and spacing between divertor tiles could have a significant effect on material temperatures, especially near the corners and edges. The specific configuration of divertor tiles has been a topic of significant debate amongst the ITER divertor design team.

  2. 2.

    “DEMO” is the tentative name used to describe any hypothetical fusion program aimed at developing a DEMOnstration electricity generating power station, and is widely understood within the fusion community to represent the next step after ITER. DEMO is not likely to be a single international project like ITER, but rather many separate projects run by individual countries.

  3. 3.

    These numbers should be seen as indicative of behaviour, rather than definitive. Real material systems are considerably more complex than the idealised model systems used for computer simulations of material behaviour.

  4. 4.

    That being said, surface diffusion may also play an important role in fuzz formation. I would encourage readers to familiarise themselves with the work of Martynenko and Nagel’ [90] which presents an alternative view on how surface diffusion could be the driver behind fuzz formation.

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    Dr. Matt Thompson

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Thompson, M. (2018). Introduction. In: Helium Nano-bubble Formation in Tungsten. Springer Theses. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-96011-1_1

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