Abstract
Openings toward participatory education and governance during the 1970s reflected social change that pushed toward greater equality on many fronts. These openings were rapidly shut down in the neoliberalisation of universities, enforced internally through managerialism that has stratified academic positions and largely replaced democratic workplace processes with radical individualism and privatised accountability. In this chapter we reflect on the resistances articulated by our contributors and highlight cracked continuities with the projects of cultural democracy. We also argue that it is necessary to consider the interrelated workings of silencing, privilege and resistance under managerial regimes. Working through hierarchical structures and horizontally, as technologies of responsibilisation, silencing and privilege enmesh passion, position and politics through which resistance is formed and enacted.
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Notes
- 1.
Bill Readings, The University in Ruins (Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1996).
- 2.
Catherine Manathunga, “Excavating the Role and Purpose of University Education in the Postmodern Age: Historical Insights from the South,” Policy Reviews in Higher Education 1 (2017) 69.
- 3.
Sandra Lee Bartky, “Foucault, Femininity and the Modernization of Patriarchal Power” In Feminism & Foucault. Reflections on Resistance, ed. Irene Diamond and Lee Quinby (Boston: Northeastern University Press, 1988); 83.
- 4.
Paolo Freire, Pedagogy of the Oppressed. (Harmondsworth, UK: Penguin, 1972).
- 5.
Antonia Darder, “Institutional Research as a Tool for Cultural Democracy,” New Directions for Institutional Research, 81 (1994) 21; 21.
- 6.
Antonia Darder, “Institutional Research as a Tool for Cultural Democracy”; 31
- 7.
Ibid., 32.
- 8.
Simon Marginson, Higher Education and the Common Good (Melbourne: Melbourne University Press, 2016).
- 9.
David Harvey, A Brief History of Neoliberalism, (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2005); 3.
- 10.
Raewyn Connell, “Understanding Neoliberalism,” in Neoliberalism and Everyday Life, ed. Susan Braedley and Meg Luxton, (Montreal: McGill-Queen’s University Press, 2010), 22; Harvey, A Brief History of Neoliberalism.
- 11.
Harvey, A Brief History of Neoliberalism; 3.
- 12.
Sylvanna M. Falcón and Elizabeth Philipose, “The Neo-liberal University and Academic Violence: The Women’s Studies Quandary,” Feminist Review, 117 (2017) 186; 190.
- 13.
Darder, Antonia, “Institutional Research as a Tool for Cultural Democracy.” New Directions for Institutional Research, 81 (1994) 21.
- 14.
Juliana M. McLaughlin and Susan L. Whatman, “The potential of critical race theory in decolonizing university curricula.” Asia Pacific Journal of Education 34 (2011): 365;
- 15.
Marilee Reimer, ed., Inside Corporate U: Women in the Academy Speak Out. (Toronto: Sumach Press, 2004).
- 16.
For example, Anne Game and Rosemary Pringle, Gender at Work (Sydney: George Allen & Unwin, 1983).
- 17.
Louise Morley, “Misogyny Posing as Measurement: Disrupting the Feminisation Crisis Discourse.” Contemporary Social Science, 6 (2011) 223; 227.
- 18.
Isabelle Stengers and Vinciane Despret, Women Who Make a Fuss: The Unfaithful Daughters of Virginia Woolf (Minneapolis: Univocal, 2014).
- 19.
Antonia Darder, “Neoliberalism in the Academic Borderlands: An On-going Struggle for Equality and Human Rights,” Educational Studies: A Journal of the American Educational Studies Association 48 (2012) 412; 416–417.
- 20.
Antonia Darder, “Institutional Research as a Tool”.
- 21.
Yvette Taylor, “Queer Encounters of Sexuality and Class: Navigating Emotional Landscapes of Academia,” Emotion, Space & Society 8 (2013) 51; 53.
- 22.
Antonia Darder, “Neoliberalism in the Academic Borderlands”, 419.
- 23.
Aileen Moreton-Robinson, Maggie Walter, David Singh, and Megan Kimber, On Stony Ground: Governance and Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Participation in Australian Universities. Report to the Review of Higher Education Access and Outcomes for Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander People. (Canberra: Department of Education, Employment and Workplace Relations, 2011).
- 24.
Moreton-Robinson et al., On Stony Ground, 17.
- 25.
Julie Rowlands, “Deepening Understandings of Bourdieu’s Academic and Intellectual Capital Through a Study of Academic Voice Within Academic Governance,” Studies in Higher Education (2017) 1.
- 26.
Gaye Tuchman, Wannabe U: Inside the Corporate University (University of Chicago Press, 2009).
- 27.
Tuchman, Wannabe U, 205.
- 28.
Rowlands, “Deepening Understandings of Bourdieu’s Academic and Intellectual Capital”, 17.
- 29.
Paula Baron, “Working the Clock: The Academic Body on Neoliberal Time,” Somatechnics 4 (2014) 253.
- 30.
Christine Sinclair, “You’ve Got Mail: Tracking and Framing Academic Lives,” Knowledge Cultures 5 (2017) 49; 55.
- 31.
Antonia Darder, “Radio and the Art of Resistance: A Public Pedagogy of the Airwaves,” Policy Futures in Education 9 (2011) 696.
- 32.
John Smyth, The Toxic University: Zombie Leadership, Academic Rock Stars and Neoliberal Ideology (London: Palgrave Macmillan, 2017).
- 33.
Rosalind Gill, “‘Breaking the Silence’: The Hidden Injuries of the Neo-Liberal Academy,” in Secrecy and silence in the research process: feminist reflections, ed. Róisín Ryan-Flood and Rosalind Gill (London: Routledge, 2010), 228.
- 34.
Bronwyn Davies and Eva B. Petersen, “Intellectual Workers (Un)Doing Neoliberal Discourse.” Subjectivity: International Journal of Critical Psychology 13 (2005) 32.
- 35.
Rosalind Gill, “‘Breaking the Silence’”.
- 36.
Davies and Petersen, “Intellectual Workers”.
- 37.
Gill, “‘Breaking the Silence’”.
- 38.
Laurie Field, “Appraising Academic Appraisal in the New Public Management University,” Journal of Higher Education Policy and Management 37 (2015) 172; 186.
- 39.
Lew Zipin, “Situating University Governance in the Ethico-Emotive Ground Tone of Post/Late Times,” in Re-positioning University Governance and Academic Work, ed. Jill Blackmore, Marie Brennan, and Lew Zipin. (Rotterdam: Sense Publishers, 2010), 159.
- 40.
Richard Winter, “Academic Manager or Managed Academic?”.
- 41.
Ruth Barcan, Academic Life and Labour in the New University (Surry: Ashgate, 2013), 69.
- 42.
Tuchman, Wannabe U.
- 43.
Mark Amsler and Cris Shore, “Responsibilisation and Leadership in the Neoliberal University: A New Zealand Perspective,” Discourse: Studies in the Cultural Politics of Education 38 (2017) 123.
- 44.
Judith Bessant, “‘Smoking Guns’: Reflections on Truth and Politics in the University,” in Through a glass darkly. The Social Sciences Look at the Neoliberal University, ed. by Margaret Thornton, (Canberra: ANU Press, 2015), 229; Liz Morrish, “Why The Audit Culture Made Me Quit,” Times Higher Education; John Smyth, The Toxic University.
- 45.
Lew Zipin, “Governing Australia’s Universities.”
- 46.
Marina Warner, “Learning My Lesson,” London Review of Books 37 (2015) 8.
- 47.
Michelle Fine, “Leaky privates. Resisting the neoliberal public university and mobilizing movements for public scholarship,” in Qualitative inquiry in Neoliberal Times, ed. Norman K. Denzin and Michael D. Giardina, (New York: Routledge, 2017), 104; Sandra Jeppesen and Holly Nazar, “Beyond Academic Freedom: Canadian Neoliberal Universities in the Global Context,” Topia, Canadian Journal of Cultural Studies Sep 1 (2012): 17.
- 48.
Henry A. Giroux, “The Disappearing Intellectual in the Age of Economic Darwinism,” Policy Futures in Education 9 (2011) 163.
- 49.
Eva Bendix Petersen, “Turned On, Turned Off: On Timely and Untimely Feminist Knowledge Production,” NORA - Nordic Journal of Feminist and Gender Research 24 (2016) 5.
- 50.
Gina Anderson, “Mapping Academic Resistance in the Managerial University,” Organization 15 (2008): 251.
- 51.
Robin P. Clair, Organizing Silence. A World of Possibilities (Albany: State University of New York Press, 1998), 153.
- 52.
Gina Anderson, “Mapping Academic Resistance”.
- 53.
Robin P. Clair, Organizing Silence.
- 54.
Bronwyn Davies and Peter Bansel, “Governmentality and Academic Work. Shaping the Hearts and Minds of Academic Workers,” Journal of Curriculum Theorizing, 26 (2010) 5.
- 55.
Petersen, Eva Bendix and Davies, Bronwyn. “In/Difference in the Neoliberalised University.” Learning and Teaching, 3 (2010): 92–109.
- 56.
Clare Land, Decolonizing Solidarity. Dilemmas and Directions for Supporters of Indigenous Struggles (London: Zed Books, 2015), esp. Ch. 3.
- 57.
See chapter by Paul Adams, Volume II.
- 58.
Stephen Petrina, “The New Critiquette and Old Scholactivism: A Petit Critique of Academic Manners, Managers, Matters, and Freedom,” Workplace 20 (2012) 17.
- 59.
Mario Diaz Villa, “The Idea of the University in Latin America in the Twenty-first Century,” in The Future University: Ideas and Possibilities, ed. Ronald Barnett, (New York: Routledge, 2012), 59.
- 60.
Mario Diaz Villa, “The Idea of the University in Latin America”, 70.
- 61.
Antonia Darder, “Institutional Research as a Tool”, 31.
- 62.
Adrienne Rich, On Lies, Secrets and Silence. Selected Prose 1966–1978. New York: W. W. Norton & Company, 1979; 122.
- 63.
Mary Heath and Peter D. Burdon. “Academic Resistance to the Neoliberal University.” Legal Education Review 23 (2013) 379.
- 64.
Antonia Darder, “Neoliberalism in the Academic Borderlands”.
- 65.
Sheila Slaughter and Larry L. Leslie, Academic Capitalism: Politics, Policies, and the Entrepreneurial University (Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 1997).
- 66.
Marginson, Higher Education and the Common Good; 27.
- 67.
Slaughter and Leslie, Academic Capitalism.
- 68.
Hannah Forsyth, “Dreaming of Higher Education,” Southerly 74 (2014) 119.
- 69.
We discuss these in detail in Volume 2.
- 70.
Slaughter and Leslie, Academic Capitalism.
- 71.
Jill Blackmore, “Globalisation and the Restructuring of Higher Education”; Margaret Thornton, “The Mirage of Merit,” Australian Feminist Studies 28 (2013) 127.
- 72.
Francesca Coin, “When Love Becomes Self-Abuse: Gendered Perspectives on Unpaid Labor in Academia,” in Yvette Taylor and Kinneret Lahad eds., Feeling Academic in the Neoliberal University. Feminist Flights, Fights and Failures (Cham, Switzerland: Palgrave Macmillan, 2018), 301; 303.
- 73.
Petersen and Davies, “In/Difference in the Neoliberalised University.”
- 74.
Petersen and Davies, 100.
- 75.
Darder, “Academic Borderlands”.
- 76.
Aileen Moreton-Robinson, The White Possessive: Property, Power and Indigenous Sovereignty (Minnesota: University of Minnesota Press, 2015).
- 77.
Leonard Cohen, quoted in Leonard Cohen. A Remarkable Life, ed. Anthony Reynolds (London: Omnibus, 2010); 234.
- 78.
Leonard Cohen, quoted in Leonard Cohen. A Remarkable Life, ed. Anthony Reynolds (London: Omnibus, 2010); 234.
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Bottrell, D., Manathunga, C. (2019). Cracked Continuities in the Project of Cultural Democracy: Silencing, Resistance and Privilege. In: Bottrell, D., Manathunga, C. (eds) Resisting Neoliberalism in Higher Education Volume I. Palgrave Critical University Studies. Palgrave Macmillan, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-95942-9_15
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