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Influence of the Temperature on Lifetime Reinforcement of a Filled NR

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Fracture, Fatigue, Failure and Damage Evolution, Volume 6

Abstract

Fatigue of crystallizable rubbers has been widely investigated since the pioneer work by Cadwell et al. in 1940 (Cadwell et al., Ind Eng Chem 12:19–23, 1940). This study revealed the significant influence of the mean strain on natural rubber lifetime: for non-relaxing loading conditions (i.e. R > 0), strong lifetime reinforcement was observed and attributed strain-induced crystallization (SIC). Better understanding how SIC reinforces fatigue life is therefore a key point to improve the durability of rubbers. Surprisingly, few studies investigated the effect of temperature on the lifetime, while SIC exhibits a high thermo-sensitivity (Lindley, Rubber Chem Technol 47:1253–1264, 1974; Lu Etude du comportement mécanique et des mécanismes d’endommagement des élastomères en fatigue et en fissuration par fatigue. PhD Thesis, Conservatoire National des Arts et Métiers, 1991). The present study aims therefore at investigating how temperature affects the fatigue life reinforcement due to SIC under non-relaxing loading conditions. First of all, fatigue tests are carried out at 23 °C. Damage leading to the end-of-life is investigated at both the macroscopic and the microscopic scales for loading ratios from −0.25 to 0.35. As expected, NR exhibits a reinforcement for positive loading ratios R at 23 °C. Damage, striations due to SIC and number of cycles at crack initiation are mapped using the Haigh diagram. At 90 °C, the fatigue lifetime reinforcement is lower and the signature of SIC on the failure surface disappears. The competition between non-relaxing loading effect and temperature is finally discussed.

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Notes

  1. 1.

    In case of strain prescribed test: Rε = εmin/εmax.

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Acknowledgements

The authors thank the Cooper Standard France company for supporting this work and for fruitful discussions. The authors thank also the National Center for Scientific Research (MRCT-CNRS and MI-CNRS) and Rennes Metropole for supporting this work financially. SEM images were performed at CMEBA facility (ScanMAT, University of Rennes 1) which received a financial support from the European Union (CPER-FEDER 2007-2014).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Univ Rennes, CNRS, IPR (Institute de Physique de Rennes) – UMR 6251, Rennes, France

    B. Ruellan, J.-B. Le Cam & E. Robin

  2. LC-DRIME, Joint Research Laboratory, Cooper Standard – Institut de Physique UMR 6251, Rennes Cedex, France

    B. Ruellan, J.-B. Le Cam, E. Robin, I. Jeanneau, F. Canévet & F. Mortier

  3. Cooper Standard France, Rennes, France

    B. Ruellan, I. Jeanneau, F. Canévet & F. Mortier

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  1. B. Ruellan
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  2. J.-B. Le Cam
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  3. E. Robin
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  4. I. Jeanneau
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  5. F. Canévet
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  6. F. Mortier
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Corresponding author

Correspondence to B. Ruellan .

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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Sandia National Lab, MS 0889, Albuquerque, NM, USA

    Jay Carroll

  2. Mechanical Engineering Georgia Tech, MRDC 4103, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA

    Shuman Xia

  3. Pennsylvania State University, State College, PA, USA

    Allison M. Beese

  4. Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Utah State University, Logan, UT, USA

    Ryan B. Berke

  5. Fluor Daniel Innovation Bldg 245, Clemson University, Clemson, SC, USA

    Garrett J. Pataky

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Ruellan, B., Le Cam, JB., Robin, E., Jeanneau, I., Canévet, F., Mortier, F. (2019). Influence of the Temperature on Lifetime Reinforcement of a Filled NR. In: Carroll, J., Xia, S., Beese, A., Berke, R., Pataky, G. (eds) Fracture, Fatigue, Failure and Damage Evolution, Volume 6. Conference Proceedings of the Society for Experimental Mechanics Series. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-95879-8_8

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-95879-8_8

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  • Online ISBN: 978-3-319-95879-8

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