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Challenges and Opportunities in the Evolution of the Internet of Everything

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Smart Cities of Today and Tomorrow

Abstract

The most significant current trend in the rapidly changing global digital ecosphere is the rapid spread of the Internet of Things (IoT). Indeed, the next iteration in the evolution of the IoTs will be what some are calling the Internet of Everything (IoE). In this new world that includes RFID and digital interface connections with all manufactured and merchandised objects, the world and especially the smart city will increasingly be awash in data that allows instantaneous digital updates on everything. Over time this omnipresence of the Internet and smart-enabled units will expand worldwide. In the world of the smart city virtually every manufactured object will encompass the entire planet and even populate outer space outposts. Wherever there is human activity, electronic networks, or operational satellites the IoE will be there, too.

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Notes

  1. 1.

    “Fostering the Industrial Internet to Accelerate Economic Growth and Transformation,” September 13, 2017. Information Technology and Innovation Foundation, https://mail.aol.com/webmail-std/en-us/suite.

  2. 2.

    “HP Study Reveals 70 Percent of Internet of Things Devices are Vulnerable.” http://h30499.www3.hp.com/t5/Fortify-Application-Security/HP-Study-Reveals-70-Percent-of-Internet-of-Things-Devices/ba-p/6556284#.VHMpw4uUfVc.

  3. 3.

    Cyber Security and the Internet of Things, March 2015 http://www.ey.com/Publication/vwLUAssets/EY-cybersecurity-and-the-internet-of-things/$FILE/EY-cybersecurity-and-the-internet-of-things.pdf.

  4. 4.

    Margaret Rouse and Kevin Beaver, “Distributed Denial of Service Attack,” TechTarget.com August 2017 http://searchsecurity.techtarget.com/definition/distributed-denial-of-service-attack.

  5. 5.

    CharalamposPatrikakis, MichalisMasikos, and Olga Zouraraki, Distributed Denial of Service Attacks - The Internet Protocol Journal - Volume 7, Number 4 https://www.cisco.com/c/en/us/about/press/internet-protocol-journal/back-issues/table-contents-30/dos-attacks.html (last accessed August 2017).

  6. 6.

    Alex Schiffer, “Hackers Use Internet-wired Fish Tank to Hook Data” Washington Post, July 22, 2017, P. A16.

  7. 7.

    Ibid.

  8. 8.

    The OSI Model’s Seven Layers Defined and Functions (April 19, 2017). https://support.microsoft.com/en-us/help/103884/the-osi-model-s-seven-layers-d.

  9. 9.

    Jack Unger, “OSI and TCP/IP Reference Models” May 16, 2003, http://www.ciscopress.com/articles/article.asp?p=31731&seqNum=2.

  10. 10.

    Ibid.

  11. 11.

    Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF). http://www.ietf.org/.

  12. 12.

    Julia McGowan, “The Internet of Things Is Out of this World – A Globecomm Perspective” Sat Magazine, September 2017 http://www.satmagazine.com/story.php?number=412528056.

  13. 13.

    Ibid.

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Pelton, J.N., Singh, I.B. (2019). Challenges and Opportunities in the Evolution of the Internet of Everything. In: Smart Cities of Today and Tomorrow. Copernicus, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-95822-4_10

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-95822-4_10

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  • Publisher Name: Copernicus, Cham

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