Abstract
The reuse of whey waste, a by-product of the dairy industry, is an emerging issue due to the environmental impacts. Some previous experimental studies have indicated that whey waste can be used as an admixture for cement-based materials, including mortar and concrete, to reduce the setting time and increase the workability, thus reduce the amount of required cement. However, influence of whey waste on cemented soil has not received sufficient attention. This study investigates variations of unconfined compressive strength (UCS) and Young’s modulus (E) of cemented Kaolin clay when water in cement slurry was replaced by different whey waste proportions. Unconfined compression tests were conducted on treated specimens after two different curing times, namely 14 days and 56 days. Stress-strain relationship in each test was used to compute UCS and E at different dosages of cement and whey waste. Results of the experiments show improvements of UCS and E only for specimens when less than 10% water in cement slurry was replaced by liquid whey waste at 56 day-curing age, regardless of cement dosage. For the other cases, the presence of whey waste resulted in reductions of both UCS and E, indicating that although whey waste can be used to improve mechanical properties of cement treated clay, the optimum dosage should be selected very carefully to minimize the adverse effects. Different responses of UCS and E with curing age, dosages of cement and liquid whey waste are explained while discussing about the effects of lactose (milk sugar) available in whey waste acting as a retarding agent.
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Acknowledgments
The authors would like to thank Weiqi Li and Willis Susanto for their assistance in conducting the laboratory experiments, as part of their capstone projects at the University of Technology Sydney (UTS). Authors also thank Paesanella (a cheese manufacturer in New South Wales, Australia) for providing us fresh liquid whey waste.
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Pham Ngoc, T., Fatahi, B., Khabbaz, H. (2019). Impact of Liquid Whey Waste on Strength and Stiffness of Cement Treated Clay. In: Frikha, W., Kawamura, S., Liao, WC. (eds) New Developments in Soil Characterization and Soil Stability. GeoChina 2018. Sustainable Civil Infrastructures. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-95756-2_1
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-95756-2_1
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