Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Why Indonesia Has Not Joined the ICC?

  • Chapter
  • First Online:
The Institutionalization of the International Criminal Court

  • 363 Accesses

Abstract

Since the Rome conference, Indonesia has followed a state sovereignty-oriented agenda when it comes to the ICC. After dealing with the legal side of ratification, I move on to the political considerations and explore the agendas of the executive, legislative, and different ministries. What looms in the background are human rights violations and history of not dealing with them. Although the USA pleaded Indonesia for years to sign a Bilateral Immunity Agreement, it did not do so and the persuasion of the EU also fell on deaf ears. Curiously, the indictment of President Al-Bashir influenced Indonesia’s position on the ICC. Around the same time with the indictment, the trade between Indonesia and Sudan tripled, mainly because of a lucrative bilateral oil deal and Indonesia started to oppose the ICC’s operation in Sudan, which it initially had supported.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Log in via an institution
Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 49.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 64.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD 89.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

References

  • UN Documents (references starting with A/…, CAT/…, GA/…, L/…, and S/…) available at documents.un.org or unbisnet.un.org.

  • 006/PUU-IV/2006. 2006. “Constitutional Court Decision on the TRC Law.” Constitutional Court of the Republic of Indonesia.

    Google Scholar 

  • 5518/04 (Presse 25). 2004. “Council Conclusions: South East Asia.” Council of the European Union.

    Google Scholar 

  • 11928/03 (Presse 232). 2003. “Declaration by the Presidency on Behalf of the European Union on Ad Hoc Human Rights Tribunal for Crimes Committed in East Timor.” Council of the European Union.

    Google Scholar 

  • 15945/09 (Presse 332), Council of the European Union. 2009. “Joint Press Statement: Signing of the Partnership and Cooperation Agreement (PCA) at the Ministerial Troika Meeting Opens New Era for Indonesia-EU Relations.” Council of the European Union.

    Google Scholar 

  • 140501/01. 2014. “The EU–Indonesia Partnership and Cooperation Agreement Enters into Force.” Council of the European Union.

    Google Scholar 

  • Abbas, Hafid. 2012. “The Long Road to ASEAN Rights Charter.” The Jakarta Post, May 23.

    Google Scholar 

  • Adamrah, Mustaqim. 2011. “EU Mulls Individual FTAs for ASEAN.” The Jakarta Post, March 2.

    Google Scholar 

  • Agus, Fadillah. 2010. “Human Rights Courts in Indonesia: A Brief Outline.” In Criteria for Prioritizing and Selecting Core International Crimes Cases, edited by Morten Bergsmo, 2nd ed., 149–56. Oslo: Torkel Opsahl Academic EPublisher and Peace Research Institute.

    Google Scholar 

  • AHRC. 2006. Indonesia: The Human Rights Situation in 2006. Hong Kong: Asian Human Rights Commission.

    Google Scholar 

  • ———. 2010. “Indonesia: The State of Human Rights in 2010—Ongoing Impunity, Military Violence and Challenges for the New AG.” Hong Kong: Asian Human Rights Commission.

    Google Scholar 

  • Amnesty International. 2001. “Amnesty International’s Comments on the Law on Human Rights Courts (Law No.26/2000)”.

    Google Scholar 

  • Anjaiah, Veeramalla. 2004. “Indonesia in No Hurry to Sign ICC Accord with U.S.” The Jakarta Post, March 18.

    Google Scholar 

  • ———. 2008. “Canada Backs RI’s Human Rights Efforts.” The Jakarta Post, July 7.

    Google Scholar 

  • Aritonang, Margareth S. 2012. “Government Blasted on Rome Statute Delay.” The Jakarta Post, July 18.

    Google Scholar 

  • ———. 2013a. “Politics Stalls Ratification.” The Jakarta Post, May 16.

    Google Scholar 

  • ———. 2013b. “Govt Officially Rejects Rome Statute.” The Jakarta Post, May 21.

    Google Scholar 

  • ASIA-Pacific Human Rights Information Center. 2002. “Asia Campaign on the Rome Statute Ratification.” Focus, HURights Osaka 27.

    Google Scholar 

  • Associated Press. 2006. “Rights Groups Criticize U.S. for Urging Jakarta to Shield Americans from International Court,” March 16.

    Google Scholar 

  • BBC. 2004. “US ‘Dismayed’ at E Timor Tribunal.” BBC News, August 10.

    Google Scholar 

  • ———. 2009. “Indonesian Parliamentary Delegation to Visit Sudan,” March 17.

    Google Scholar 

  • ———. 2012. “Indonesia Cancels Netherlands Visit over Arrest Threat”, October 5, 2012.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bresnan, John. 1999. “The United States, the IMF, and the Indonesian Financial Crisis.” In The Politics of Post-Suharto Indonesia, edited by Adam Schwarz and Jonathan Paris, 87–112. New York: Council on Foreign Relations Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Budianto, Lilian. 2009. “Indonesia Questions ICC’s Decision on Beshir.” The Jakarta Post, March 7.

    Google Scholar 

  • Burr, William. 2001. “East Timor Revisited: Ford, Kissinger and the Indonesian Invasion, 1975–76. National Security Archive Electronic Briefing Book No. 62.” Washington, DC: The National Security Archive.

    Google Scholar 

  • CB/MM-Doc.6. 1998. “Draft Declaration on the United Nations Diplomatic Conference of Plenipotentiaries on the Establishment of an International Criminal Court by the Ministerial Meeting of the Coordinating Bureau of the Non-Aligned Movement.” Non-Aligned Movement.

    Google Scholar 

  • Chaban, Natalia. 2011. “Images of the EU as a Social, Environmental and Developmental Actor: Visions from Asia.” EU External Affairs Review July 2011, 5–23.

    Google Scholar 

  • CICC. 2005. “Updates on Indonesia.” Coalition for the International Criminal Court.

    Google Scholar 

  • ———. 2007a. “Indonesian Government Officials Announce They Will Accede to the RS by 2008. Country Update.” Coalition for the International Criminal Court.

    Google Scholar 

  • ———. 2007b. “Global Coalition Calls on Indonesia to Accede to ICC. Says Country Should Follow Through on Commitment to Join Court by 2008.” Coalition for the International Criminal Court.

    Google Scholar 

  • ———. 2008a. “Global Coalition Calls on Indonesia to Join ICC: Says Accession Promised for 2008, the Tenth Anniversary Year of Rome Statute.” Coalition for the International Criminal Court.

    Google Scholar 

  • ———. 2008b. “Indonesia, Ratify the Rome Statute on ICC.” IKOHI: Victim’s Place for Solidarity Building in Fighting for Justice: June 2008, June 13.

    Google Scholar 

  • ———. 2009. “Letter to His Excellency Mr. Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono, President of the Republic of Indonesia. Re: Indonesia’s Ratification of the Rome Statute of the ICC.” Coalition for the International Criminal Court.

    Google Scholar 

  • ———. 2011. “Asia-Pacific Update.” Issue 8. New York: Coalition for the International Criminal Court.

    Google Scholar 

  • ———. 2012. “Universal Ratification Campaign, Target Countries.” Coalition for the International Criminal Court.

    Google Scholar 

  • Cohen, David. 2003. Intended to Fail: The Trials Before the Ad Hoc Human Rights Court in Jakarta. New York: International Center for Transitional Justice.

    Google Scholar 

  • COM (2000) 50 final. 2000. “Communication from the Commission to the Council and to the European Parliament: ‘Developing Closer Relations Between Indonesia and the European Union.’” Commission of the European Communities.

    Google Scholar 

  • COM (2003) 399 final. 2003. “Communication from the Commission: A New Partnership with South East Asia.” Commission of the European Communities.

    Google Scholar 

  • COM (2009) 492 final, 2009/0133 (ACC). 2009. “Proposal for a Council Decision on the Signing of the Framework Agreement on Comprehensive Partnership and Cooperation Between the European Community and Its Member States, of the One Part, and the Republic of Indonesia, of the Other Part.” Commission of the European Communities.

    Google Scholar 

  • Commission to Investigate Human Rights Violations in East Timor. 2000. “Executive Summary Report on the Investigation of Human Rights Violations in East Timor.” East Timor Action Network.

    Google Scholar 

  • Crouch, Harold A. 2010. Political Reform in Indonesia After Soeharto. Singapore: ISEAS Publishing.

    Book  Google Scholar 

  • CTF Indonesia–Timor-Leste. 2008. “Final Report of the Commission of Truth and Friendship (CTF) Indonesia—Timor-Leste”.

    Google Scholar 

  • Delegation of the European Union, Indonesia. 2008. “European Instrument for Democracy and Human Rights (EIDHR): EU Aid in Furthering Democracy and Human Rights in Indonesia.” Jakarta.

    Google Scholar 

  • EEAS. 2010a. “Human Rights and Democracy in the World. Report on EU Action July 2008 to December 2009.” Brussels: European External Action Service.

    Google Scholar 

  • ———. 2010b. “Indonesia Mid-Term Review 2011–2013.” Brussels: European Union External Action.

    Google Scholar 

  • ———. 2011. “EU Annual Report on Human Rights and Democracy in the World in 2010.” Brussels: European External Action Service.

    Google Scholar 

  • ———. 2012a. “Human Rights and Democracy in the World. Report on EU Action 2011.” Brussels: European Union External Action.

    Google Scholar 

  • ———. 2012b. “Indonesia & The EU: Political & Economic Relations.” Brussels: European Union External Action.

    Google Scholar 

  • Embassy of the Republic of Indonesia. 2011. “RI Optimistic South Sudan Referendum to Remain Peaceful.” Washington, DC.

    Google Scholar 

  • Embassy of The Republic of Indonesia, Washington, DC. 2008. “Indonesia’s Foreign Policy/The Principles of the Foreign Policy”.

    Google Scholar 

  • EU Council Secretariat. 2006. “Background: EU Monitoring Mission in Aceh (Indonesia) September 2005–December 2006.” ACEH/07. Brussels: Council of the European Union.

    Google Scholar 

  • European Commission. 2002. “Report of the Conference Held in Brussels 28 and 29 January 2002 and Follow-Up.” Brussels.

    Google Scholar 

  • ———. 2007. “Indonesia–European Community Strategy Paper 2007–2013.” Brussels.

    Google Scholar 

  • European Parliament. 2010. “Draft Assessment of the Indonesia Strategy Paper Mid-Term Review 2007–2013.” D009672-02-EN-00. Brussels: Directorate-General for External Policies of the Union.

    Google Scholar 

  • European Union. 1999. European Union Annual Reports on Human Rights 1999–2006. Brussels: Council of the European Union.

    Google Scholar 

  • ———. 2000. “European Union Annual Report on Human Rights 2000.” Brussels: Council of the European Union.

    Google Scholar 

  • ———. 2004a. “EU Annual Report on Human Rights 2004.” Brussels: Council of the European Union.

    Google Scholar 

  • ———. 2004b. “The European Union and Indonesia: European Union Development Co-operation in Indonesia”.

    Google Scholar 

  • ———. 2006. “EU Annual Report on Human Rights 2006.” Luxembourg: Council of the European Union.

    Google Scholar 

  • ———. 2010. “The Joint Statement of The First Indonesia–European Union Human Rights Dialogue.” Jakarta.

    Google Scholar 

  • ———. 2011. “Summary Records: EU–Indonesia Human Rights Dialogue.” Brussels.

    Google Scholar 

  • ———. 2012a. “Blue Book 2012: EU–Indonesia Development Cooperation 2010/2011.” Jakarta: Delegation of the European Union to Indonesia, Brunei Darussalam and ASEAN.

    Google Scholar 

  • ———. 2012b. “Project Fiche: Strengthening Civil Society Capacity to Promote Accountability for Gross Human Rights Violations.” Jakarta: Delegation of the European Union to Indonesia.

    Google Scholar 

  • ———. 2012c. “Indonesia–European Union Human Rights Dialogue: Joint Statement.” Jakarta.

    Google Scholar 

  • Eurostat. 2010. “External and Intra-EU Trade—Statistical Yearbook, Data 1958–2009.” European Commission.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hamid, Usman. 2011. “Why Indonesia, Asia Must Ratify the Rome Statute.” The Jakarta Post, November 15.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hamid, Usman, and Aristo Pangaribuan. 2012. “Achieving Universal Humanism and Global Justice.” The Jakarta Post, April 3.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hatta, Mohammad. 1958. Indonesia Between the Power Blocks. Foreign Affairs 36 (3): 480–90.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hermawan, Ary. 2009a. “RI Committed to Ratifying ICC, but Doubt Remains.” The Jakarta Post, May 4.

    Google Scholar 

  • ———. 2009b. “ICC Ratification No Panacea to End Impunity: Marty.” The Jakarta Post, June 12.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hotland, Tony. 2007. “Ratifying ICC to ‘Deter Rights Crimes.’” The Jakarta Post, May 10.

    Google Scholar 

  • H.R. 2673. 2003. “Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2004.” Washington, DC: House of Representatives, Congress of the United States of America.

    Google Scholar 

  • H.R. 3057. 2005. “Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2006.” Washington, DC: House of Representatives, Congress of the United States of America.

    Google Scholar 

  • H.R. 4818. 2004. “Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2005.” Washington, DC: House of Representatives, Congress of the United States of America.

    Google Scholar 

  • HRW. 2010. Letter to US Department of Defense Regarding US Military Assistance to Indonesia. New York: Human Rights Watch.

    Google Scholar 

  • HRWG. 2012. “Universal Periodic Review on Indonesia: Submission to Indonesia for 1st Session of 2nd Cycle UPR 2012. Indonesian NGO Coalition for International Human Rights Advocacy.” Human Rights Working Group.

    Google Scholar 

  • Huikuri, Salla. 2017. Empty Promises: Indonesia’s Non-Ratification of the Rome Statute of the International Criminal Court. The Pacific Review 30 (1): 74–92.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • ICC-ASP/7/25. 2008. “Report on the Activities of the Court.” International Criminal Court.

    Google Scholar 

  • ICG. 1999. “Indonesia’s Shaky Transition.” Indonesia Report N° 1. Jakarta: International Crisis Group.

    Google Scholar 

  • ———. 2001a. “Indonesia: Impunity Versus Accountability for Gross Human Rights Violations.” Asia Report N° 12. Jakarta: International Crisis Group.

    Google Scholar 

  • ———. 2001b. “Indonesia’s Presidential Crisis.” Asia Briefing Paper. Jakarta: International Crisis Group.

    Google Scholar 

  • ———. 2002a. “Aceh: A Slim Chance for Peace.” Asia Briefing Paper. Jakarta: International Crisis Group.

    Google Scholar 

  • ———. 2002b. “Indonesia: Implications of the Timor Trials.” Briefing Paper. Jakarta: International Crisis Group.

    Google Scholar 

  • ———. 2002c. “Resuming U.S.–Indonesia Military Ties.” Asia Briefing Paper. Jakarta: International Crisis Group.

    Google Scholar 

  • ———. 2003. “Indonesia Backgrounder: A Guide to the 2004 Elections.” Asia Report N°71. Jakarta: International Crisis Group.

    Google Scholar 

  • ———. 2005a. “Recycling Militants in Indonesia: Darul Islam and the Australian Embassy Bombing.” Asia Report N°92. Singapore: International Crisis Group.

    Google Scholar 

  • ———. 2005b. “Aceh: A New Chance for Peace.” Asia Briefing N°40. Jakarta: International Crisis Group.

    Google Scholar 

  • ———. 2011a. “Indonesian Jihadism: Small Groups, Big Plans.” Asia Report N°204. Jakarta: International Crisis Group.

    Google Scholar 

  • ———. 2011b. “Indonesia’s Presidential Crisis: The Second Round.” Indonesia Briefing Paper. Jakarta: International Crisis Group.

    Google Scholar 

  • ———. 2011c. “Indonesia: Hope and Hard Reality in Papua.” Asia Briefing N°126. Jakarta: International Crisis Group.

    Google Scholar 

  • ———. 2012. “Indonesia: Dynamics of Violence in Papua.” Asia Report N°232. Jakarta: International Crisis Group.

    Google Scholar 

  • ICICC. 2012a. “Profile: Indonesian Civil Society Coalition for the International Criminal Court.” Indonesian Civil Society Coalition For the International Criminal Court.

    Google Scholar 

  • ———. 2012b. “Draft: Naskah Akademis Dan Rancangan Undang-Undang Tentang Pengesahan Rome Statute of the International Criminal Court 1998 (Statuta Roma Tentang Mahkamah Pidana Internasional 1998).” Jakarta: Indonesian Civil Society Coalition for the International Criminal Court.

    Google Scholar 

  • ———. 2012c. “Progress Report: Indonesia Efforts to Ratify the 1998 Rome Statute of the International Criminal Court.” Jakarta: Indonesian Civil Society Coalition for the International Criminal Court.

    Google Scholar 

  • ICJ. 1998. “Indonesia and Malaysia Jointly Bring Dispute Over Islands to the International Court of Justice.” Press Release 1998/35. The Hague: International Court of Justice.

    Google Scholar 

  • ———. 2002. “Sovereignty over Pulau Ligitan and Pulau Sipadan (Indonesia/Malaysia), Judgment, I.C.J. Reports 2002, P. 625.” The Hague: International Court of Justice.

    Google Scholar 

  • ICTJ. 2013. “Indonesia Officially Rejects Rome Statute.” International Center for Transitional Justice, May 22.

    Google Scholar 

  • ICTJ and KontraS. 2011. Derailed: Transitional Justice in Indonesia Since the Fall of Soeharto. New York: International Center for Transitional Justice and KontraS.

    Google Scholar 

  • IKOHI. 2007. “IKOHI Fights for the Ratification of ICC by Indonesia.” The Indonesian Association of Families of the Disappeared, January 6.

    Google Scholar 

  • ———. 2008a. “Swiss Ambassador Speech on ICC Diplomatic Briefing by the Indonesian CICC.” The Indonesian Association of Families of the Disappeared, July 28.

    Google Scholar 

  • ———. 2008b. “EU Urged to Support Indonesia Ratify ICC.” The Indonesian Association of Families of the Disappeared, November 21.

    Google Scholar 

  • IMF. 2003. “The IMF and Recent Capital Account Crises: Indonesia, Korea, Brazil.” Evaluation Report. Washington, DC: International Monetary Fund.

    Google Scholar 

  • International Commission of Jurists. 2011. “International Commission of Jurists (ICJ) Submission to the Universal Periodic Review of Indonesia.” 13th Session of the Working Group on the Universal Periodic Review, 21 May to 1 June 2012: UNHRC.

    Google Scholar 

  • Jones, Matthew. 2001. Conflict and Confrontation in South East Asia, 1961–1965: Britain, the United States, and the Creation of Malaysia. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

    Book  Google Scholar 

  • Juwana, Hikmahanto. 2009. “Should RI Ratify ICC Statute?” The Jakarta Post, April 2.

    Google Scholar 

  • Khalik, Abdul. 2007a. “RI to Join Global Criminal Court.” The Jakarta Post, February 10.

    Google Scholar 

  • ———. 2007b. “Indonesia Urged to Ratify ICC’s Rome Statue by 2008.” The Jakarta Post, July 18.

    Google Scholar 

  • ———. 2007c. “SBY Sends ‘Reformist’ General to Myanmar.” The Jakarta Post, October 16.

    Google Scholar 

  • King, Blair A. 2011. “Government and Politics.” In Indonesia: A Country Study, edited by William H. Frederick and Robert L. Worden, 6th ed., 229–306. Washington, DC: Library of Congress.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kingsbury, Damien. 2003. Power Politics and the Indonesian Military. London: RoutledgeCurzon.

    Google Scholar 

  • ———. 2009. East Timor: The Price of Liberty. New York: Palgrave Macmillan.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kivimäki, Timo. 2012. Sovereignty, Hegemony, and Peace in Western Europe and in East Asia. International Relations of the Asia-Pacific 12 (3): 419–47.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Komnas-HAM. 2007. “Submission with Regard to the UPR Mechanism. Related to Indonesia for the 1st Session Scheduled in April 2008.” Jakarta: The Indonesian National Human Rights Commission.

    Google Scholar 

  • ———. 2009. “Information on Activities of Komnas HAM Carried Out During the Period of September 2008–July 2009. Submitted to the 14th Annual Meeting of the Asia Pacific Forum on National Human Rights Institutions. Amman, Jordan, 3–6 August 2009.” Jakarta: The Indonesian National Human Rights Commission.

    Google Scholar 

  • ———. 2011. “Submission to the United Nations Universal Periodic Review. 13th Session of The Working Group on the UPR. Human Rights Council, 2012.” Jakarta: The Indonesian National Human Rights Commission.

    Google Scholar 

  • KontraS. 2016. “Presenting Truth Commission in Aceh: A Challenge to Indonesia to Take a Stand on Truth and Justice.” Commission for the Disappeared and Victims of Violence, Jakarta.

    Google Scholar 

  • Liddle, R. William. 1999. “Indonesia’s Unexpected Failure of Leadership.” In The Politics of Post-Suharto Indonesia, 16–39. New York: Council on Foreign Relations Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Linton, Suzannah. 2006. Accounting for Atrocities in Indonesia. Singapore Year Book of International Law 10: 1–33.

    Google Scholar 

  • Luhulima, C.P.F., Edward M.L. Panjaitan, and Anika Widiana. 2009. EU Images in Indonesia. In The EU Through the Eyes of Asia: Volume II New Cases, New Findings, ed. Natalia Chaban, Martin Holland, and Peter Ryan, 93–124. Singapore: World Scientific Publishing.

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  • Lumanow, Devi. 2013. “World Criminal Court on Agenda in Indonesia.” Jakarta Globe, March 21.

    Google Scholar 

  • Lutfia, Ismira. 2011. “Lack of Political Will Hinders Action on Indonesian Human Rights Abuses: AG.” The Jakarta Globe, November 16.

    Google Scholar 

  • Macan-Markar, Marwaan. 2003. “Asia: ICC’s Uncertain Future Could Be a Break for Dictators.” IPS-Inter Press Service, December 17.

    Google Scholar 

  • Martin, Ian. 2001. Self-Determination in East Timor: The United Nations, the Ballot, and International Intervention. Boulder: Lynne Rienner Publishers.

    Google Scholar 

  • Maulia, Erwida. 2008. “Government Urged to Join Int’l Criminal Court.” The Jakarta Post, July 11.

    Google Scholar 

  • Miller, Michelle Ann. 2009. Rebellion and Reform in Indonesia: Jakarta’s Security and Autonomy Polices in Aceh. New York: Routledge.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ministry of Foreign Affairs. 2011. “Sudan President Expects RI Establish Institute of Engineering and Agriculture.” Republic of Indonesia.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ministry of Justice and Human Rights. 2011. “Human Rights and Constitutional Mandate.” Republic of Indonesia.

    Google Scholar 

  • Mugiyanto. 2008. “Indonesia’s Promise to Ratify in 2008 - Fact or Fiction?” The Monitor: Journal of the Coalition for the International Criminal Court 26 (May–October): 23.

    Google Scholar 

  • ———. 2009. “Indonesia Is Ready and Should Ratify the ICC.” The Jakarta Post, April 10.

    Google Scholar 

  • ———. 2011. “Indonesia Should Ratify the Rome Statute on ICC.” Mugiyanto, July 7. http://mugiyanto.blogspot.fi/2011/07/indonesia-should-ratify-rome-statute-on.html.

  • Muladi. 2011. “The Necessity to Ratify the 1998 Rome Statute.” The Jakarta Post, August 23.

    Google Scholar 

  • Muladi, Minister of Justice. 1998. “Statement by H.E. Mr. Muladi, Minister for Justice, Head of Delegation of the Republic of Indonesia Before the Plenipotentiaries Conference of the Establishment of the International Criminal Court.” Republic of Indonesia.

    Google Scholar 

  • Murphy, Ann Marie. 2012. Democratization and Indonesian Foreign Policy: Implications for the United States. Asia Policy 13: 83–111.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Nababan, Pirhot, and Aurora Meliala. 2011. “Ongoing Debate on Rome Statute Ratification.” Hukum Online English, December 14.

    Google Scholar 

  • NAM. 2001. “The Non-Aligned Movement: Description and History”.

    Google Scholar 

  • Newsweek. 1998. “Unexpected Allies,” July 20.

    Google Scholar 

  • Norway, The Official Site in Indonesia. 2008. “Norway Co-Sponsors Human Rights Workshops for TNI Officers.” February 21.

    Google Scholar 

  • OECD. 2012. “Query Wizard for International Development Statistics, ODA from DAC-EU Members, USA, Japan, EU Institutions, and All Donors (incl. International Organizations) in Current USD Millions to Indonesia, 2002–2009.” Organization for Economic Co-Operation and Development.

    Google Scholar 

  • Pangaribuan, Aristo. 2012. “Steps to Achieve Universal Humanism and Justice.” Pemuda Indonesia Progresif, May 31.

    Google Scholar 

  • Parlina, Ina. 2011. “Imparsial: Yudhoyono Appointing Brother-In-Law to Restore Power.” The Jakarta Post, June 30.

    Google Scholar 

  • Pepinsky, Thomas B. 2010. “Politics, Public Opinion, and the U.S.–Indonesian Comprehensive Partnership.” NBR Special Report 25. Seattle: The National Bureau of Asian Research.

    Google Scholar 

  • PGA. 2006. “List of Participants. PGA 28the Annual Parliamentary Forum on Human Security and IV Consultative Assembly of Parliamentarians on the International Criminal Court, Tokyo.” Parliamentarians for Global Action.

    Google Scholar 

  • ———. 2009a. “Working Meeting on ICC in Parliament of Indonesia.” Parliamentarians for Global Action.

    Google Scholar 

  • ———. 2009b. “Parliamentarians Urge the Indonesian Government to Transmit As Early As Possible to Parliament the International Criminal Court (ICC) Accession Bill. Indonesia’s Accession to the Rome Statute of the ICC Anticipated to Take Place Later in 2009.” Parliamentarians for Global Action.

    Google Scholar 

  • ———. 2011. “Second PGA Asia-Pacific Parliamentary Consultation on the Universality of the Rome Statute of the International Criminal Court, Kuala Lumpur.” Parliamentarians for Global Action.

    Google Scholar 

  • Public Diplomacy Directorate, Department of Foreign Affairs. 2003. Indonesia’s Foreign Policy. Wellington, New Zealand: The Embassy of the Republic of Indonesia.

    Google Scholar 

  • Razak, Imanuddin. 2004. “ICC, an Alternative to Prosecuting War Criminals?” The Jakarta Post, April 1.

    Google Scholar 

  • Robinson, Richard, and Vedi R. Hadiz. 2004. Reorganizing Power in Indonesia: The Politics of Oligarchy in an Age of Markets. London: RoutledgeCurzon.

    Book  Google Scholar 

  • Roughneen, Simon. 2009. “Indonesia: Obama’s New Buddy Keeps Bad Company.” World Politics Review, March 26.

    Google Scholar 

  • Rully, Sandra. 2012. “Does International Justice Matter for Indonesia?” The Jakarta Post, December 11.

    Google Scholar 

  • Santosa, Mas Achmad. 2013. “The ICC and the Commitment to Human Rights.” The Jakarta Post, March 19.

    Google Scholar 

  • Saragih, Bagus B. T. 2013a. “RI Seeks Help on Criminal Court Approval.” The Jakarta Post, March 3.

    Google Scholar 

  • ———. 2013b. “Denny to Leave for The Hague for Study on Rome Statute.” The Jakarta Post, March 4.

    Google Scholar 

  • ———. 2013c. “SBY Suspected of Discussing Rights Abuses with Ex-Generals.” The Jakarta Post, March 14.

    Google Scholar 

  • Saragih, Bagus B. T., and Margareth S. Aritonang. 2013. “RI to Ratify Rome Statute.” The Jakarta Post, March 6.

    Google Scholar 

  • Schwarz, Adam. 1999. Introduction: The Politics of Post-Suharto Indonesia. In The Politics of Post-Suharto Indonesia, ed. Adam Schwarz and Jonathan Paris, 1–15. New York: Council on Foreign Relations Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Sebastian, Leonard C. 2011. “Assessing 12-Year Military Reform in Indonesia: Major Strategic Gaps for the Next Stage of Reform.” Singapore: S. Rajaratnam School of International Studies Working Paper No. 227.

    Google Scholar 

  • Sihaloho, Markus Junianto. 2013. “Defense Minister Dodges Question on Blocking ICC Treaty’s Ratification.” Jakarta Globe, May 21.

    Google Scholar 

  • Simons, Marlise. 2010. “Dutch Court Rejects Demand for Indonesia President’s Arrest.” The New York Times, October 6, 2010, Reprints edition.

    Google Scholar 

  • Simpson, Bradley R. 2008. Economists with Guns: Authoritarian Development and U.S.-Indonesian Relations, 1960–1968. Stanford: Stanford University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Song, Sang-Hyun. 2009. “Ratification of Rome Statute Would Signal Belief in Justice. Excerpt of Imanuddin Razak’s and Irawaty Wardany’s Discussion with ICC President Song.” The Jakarta Post, May 4.

    Google Scholar 

  • Sufa, Ira Guslina. 2013. “Govt Prepares International Criminal Court Ratification.” Tempo.Co, May 24.

    Google Scholar 

  • Taufiqurrahman, M. 2007. “Amnesties OK for Timor Leste Rights Violators, Says Body.” The Jakarta Post, January 17.

    Google Scholar 

  • Taylor, Alastair M. 1965. Sukarno - First United Nations Drop-Out. International Journal 20 (2): 206–13.

    Google Scholar 

  • Terra Viva. 1998. “India and US Broadsides Threaten Consensus, Raise Prospect of Votes on Nuclear Weapons and Jurisdiction.” 24 (July).

    Google Scholar 

  • The Jakarta Post. 2001. “Ratification of ICC Delayed,” October 25.

    Google Scholar 

  • ———. 2002. “RI Defers Signing ICC Statute,” November 30.

    Google Scholar 

  • ———. 2009a. “House Cannot Wait for Deliberation of Humanitarian Bill,” February 19.

    Google Scholar 

  • ———. 2009b. “Legislators to Visit Sudan Over Al-Bashir Issue,” March 12.

    Google Scholar 

  • ———. 2009c. “ICC President Due to Arrive for Talks on Rome Statute,” April 28.

    Google Scholar 

  • ———. 2009d. “ICC Asks RI to Join Its Ranks,” April 30.

    Google Scholar 

  • ———. 2009e. “Chances Dim for Immediate ICC Ratification,” May 5.

    Google Scholar 

  • ———. 2011. “Military’s Fears Stalling Rome Statute Ratification: Expert,” July 21.

    Google Scholar 

  • The Washington Times. 1998. “The World Court: Symbolism vs. Reality,” August 9.

    Google Scholar 

  • The White House, Office of the Press Secretary. 2005. “Joint Statement Between the United States of America and the Republic of Indonesia: Remarks by President Bush and Indonesian President Yudhoyono.” Washington, DC.

    Google Scholar 

  • The World Bank. 1998. “Indonesia in Crisis: A Macroeconomic Update.” Washington, DC.

    Google Scholar 

  • Thompson, Eric C. 1999. “Indonesia in Transition: The 1999 Presidential Elections. NBR Briefing, Policy Report No. 9.” Seattle: The National Bureau of Asian Research.

    Google Scholar 

  • Tomsa, Dirk. 2008. Party Politics and Democratization in Indonesia: Golkar in the Post-Suharto Era. London: Routledge.

    Google Scholar 

  • UNAMID. 2012. “UNAMID African Union/United Nations Hybrid Operation in Darfur: Facts and Figures”.

    Google Scholar 

  • UN News Centre. 2004. “Timor-Leste Court Issues Warrant for Former Indonesian Defence Minister—UN.” United Nations.

    Google Scholar 

  • UNTC, United Nations Treaty Collection. 2018. “Status of Treaties: Multilateral Treaties Deposited with the Secretary-General”.

    Google Scholar 

  • USAID. 2007. “U.S. Overseas Loans and Grants. Obligations and Loan Authorizations July 1, 1945–September 30, 2007.” CONG-R-0105. Washington, DC: U.S. Agency for International Development.

    Google Scholar 

  • U.S. Department of Commerce. 2012. “Trade in Goods with Indonesia.” United States Census Bureau.

    Google Scholar 

  • U.S. Department of State. 2006. “U.S.–Indonesia Military Ties Moving Toward Full Normalization; But U.S. Presses for Accountability on Past Human Rights Abuses.” Washington, DC: State Department Documents and Publications.

    Google Scholar 

  • U.S. Embassy, Jakarta. 2006a. “Indonesia: A/S Hillen’s Meeting with Defense Minister Juwono.” Confidential 06JAKARTA1818. Jakarta: U.S. Department of State, Wikileaks.

    Google Scholar 

  • ———. 2006b. “Indonesia–U.S. Politica-Military Talks.” Confidential 06JAKARTA1819. Jakarta: U.S. Department of State, Wikileaks.

    Google Scholar 

  • ———. 2006c. “Admiral Fallon’s Meeting with Defense Minister Juwono Sudarsno.” Confidential 06JAKARTA2744. Jakarta: U.S. Department of State, Wikileaks.

    Google Scholar 

  • ———. 2006d. “Admiral Fallon’s Meeting With New TNI Chief Djoko Suyanto.” Confidential 06JAKARTA2914. Jakarta: U.S. Department of State, Wikileaks.

    Google Scholar 

  • ———. 2006e. “Your Visit to Indonesia: Moving Our Renewed Bilateral Relationship Forward.” Confidential 06JAKARTA2917. Jakarta: U.S. Department of State, Wikileaks.

    Google Scholar 

  • ———. 2006f. “ASD Rodman’s Meeting With Indonesian Foreign Ministry SECGEN.” Confidential 06JAKARTA5789. Jakarta: U.S. Department of State, Wikileaks.

    Google Scholar 

  • ———. 2006g. “Scenesetter: Secretary Rumsfeld’s Visit to Jakarta.” Confidential 06JAKARTA6493. Jakarta: U.S. Department of State, Wikileaks.

    Google Scholar 

  • ———. 2006h. “PM A/S Hillen’s Political-Military Talks in Jakarta.” Confidential 06JAKARTA13170. Jakarta: U.S. Department of State, Wikileaks.

    Google Scholar 

  • ———. 2007. “A/S Mull Updates Bilateral Political-Military Agenda With Indonesian Officials.” Confidential 07JAKARTA1656. Jakarta: U.S. Department of State, Wikileaks.

    Google Scholar 

  • ———. 2008. “ICC—GOI Plans to Accede to Rome Statute in 2008.” Confidential 08JAKARTA1753. Jakarta: U.S. Department of State, Wikileaks.

    Google Scholar 

  • U.S. Embassy, Phnom Penh. 2003. “Ambassador’s Meeting With Cambodian Foreign Minister Hor Namhong.” Classified 03PHNOMPENH1990. Phnom Penh: U.S. Department of State, Wikileaks.

    Google Scholar 

  • Vickers, Adrian. 2005. A History of Modern Indonesia. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

    Book  Google Scholar 

  • Wald, Patricia M. 2006. International Criminal Courts—A Stormy Adolescence. Virginia Journal of International Law 46 (2): 319–46.

    Google Scholar 

  • Wirana, Mulya. 2010. “Statement by the Head of Indonesian Delegation to the Review Conference of the Rome Statute.”

    Google Scholar 

  • Woods, Genevieve. 2011. “From President to Defendant? Time Is Running Out for SBY to Get His House in Order.” Inside Indonesia, December 1, 2011.

    Google Scholar 

  • Xinhua. 2004. “Indonesia Considers to Implement ICC Convention.” Xinhua General News Service, March 17.

    Google Scholar 

  • Yudhawiranata, Agung. 2005. “Indonesia’s Security Policy.” The Jakarta Post, July 25.

    Google Scholar 

  • Yudhoyono, Susilo Bambang. 2008. Indonesia and America: A 21st Century Partnership. Washington, DC: USINDO Luncheon.

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland

    Salla Huikuri

Authors
  1. Salla Huikuri
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Salla Huikuri .

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2019 The Author(s)

About this chapter

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this chapter

Huikuri, S. (2019). Why Indonesia Has Not Joined the ICC?. In: The Institutionalization of the International Criminal Court. Palgrave Macmillan, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-95585-8_8

Download citation

Publish with us

Policies and ethics

Search

Navigation