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State Structures and Political Systems

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Diversity of Capitalisms in Latin America

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Abstract

The effect of the action of civil society on the economic regime is mediated by the structure of the State (federalist or unitary) and the form of the political system. The capacity of civil society to impact the economic orientation of a country depends on the openness of both the State structure and the political system to its demands. Some forms of the State are more open to the action of civil society than others, depending first on whether a State has a federal or centralized structure, and then on whether federalism is decentered or centered. On the other hand, we can typify different political regimes according to the institutionalization of the party system, its representativeness, and more important for our purpose, if they are more or less determined by the mobilization of civil society.

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Notes

  1. 1.

    https://resourcegovernance.org/sites/default/files/nrgi_sharing_Bolivia_case-study.pdf.

  2. 2.

    We have to take into consideration that this graph refers to the telecommunications industry , so it cannot be taken as a picture of what happens in all of the economic sectors. Nonetheless, it is an indicator of the question.

  3. 3.

    That existed until the most recent elections of 2017.

  4. 4.

    In the elections of 2017, the PRD has been substituted by Morena, and the former has had to integrate an alliance with the PAN.

  5. 5.

    In fact while the PRI is in effect a national party, with presence in all States , the PAN is mainly a party of the center and north of Mexico , while the PRD is strong in Mexico city and the South.

  6. 6.

    We should remember that although the number of effective parties is near 2, the nominal number of parties in 2010 was 22.

  7. 7.

    In fact, the present alliance between the two most opposing parties in the Mexican political scenario, the leftist PAN and the rightist PRD in order to faire barrage to both the PRI and Morena echoes of this situation.

  8. 8.

    The MAS candidate triumphed over the Bolivian ethnic movement, the Pachakutik Indigenous Movement (IPM), led by Felipe Quispe, which proposed the end of the postcolonial Bolivian State and the re-indianization of Bolivia, the end of the Westernization of this country. For Evo Morales and the MAS, the priority is not the ethnic issue but equality and justice, vindicating the State as the basic instrument to achieve that goal. (Rouquié 2010: 256, 256–257).

  9. 9.

    At the end of the 1980s, after the assassination of Luis Carlos Galán, the favored candidate to the presidential election of 1990, together with the deaths of Bernardo Jaramillo Ossa of the Patriotica Union and Carlos Pizarro of the M19, the electoral abstention reached 70% (Falleti 2010: 135).

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    Ilan Bizberg

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Bizberg, I. (2019). State Structures and Political Systems. In: Diversity of Capitalisms in Latin America. Palgrave Macmillan, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-95537-7_7

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