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Extraction 2018 pp 2555–2563Cite as

Hydrothermal Production of Lithium Metal Silicate Powders with Controlled Properties for Application to Li-ion Batteries

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Part of the The Minerals, Metals & Materials Series book series (MMMS)

Abstract

Lithium metal silicates (Li2MSiO4, M = Fe or Mn) composed of abundant and non-toxic elements are important cathode materials for Li-ion batteries (LIB). In contrast to solid-state or sol-gel methods, hydrothermal synthesis conducted in pressure reactors is a favorable processing route as it provides the potential for scalable production and is environmentally benign. However, the key is to control the precipitation reaction to obtain powders with desired properties to meet battery specifications. Through a systematic study, we have found that Li2MSiO4 with tunable size from 300 nm to 1.5 μm can be produced by adjusting precursor concentrations, temperature, and reaction time. Under optimum conditions, high purity Li2MSiO4 with minimum defects were successfully produced and examined as an LIB cathode. The use of complexing agents promoted the formation of unique hollow particles via the self-assembling of elongated crystals. A four-step formation mechanism is proposed based on extensive characterizations with XRD, HR-TEM, SEM, and Mössbauer spectroscopy.

Keywords

  • Lithium metal silicates
  • Hydrothermal synthesis
  • Li-ion batteries

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Acknowledgements

This research is supported by a Hydro-Québec/NSERC CRD grant.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Materials Engineering, McGill University, 3610 Rue University, Montréal, QC, H3A 0C5, Canada

    Yan Zeng & George P. Demopoulos

  2. Centre D’excellence-ETSE, Hydro-Québec, Varennes, QC, J3X 1S1, Canada

    Karim Zaghib

Authors
  1. Yan Zeng
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  2. Karim Zaghib
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  3. George P. Demopoulos
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Corresponding author

Correspondence to George P. Demopoulos .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. Kingston Process Metallurgy Inc., Kingston, Canada

    Boyd R. Davis

  2. Missouri University of Science and Technology, Rolla, USA

    Prof. Michael S. Moats

  3. Rio Tinto Kennecott Utah Copper Corporation, South Jordan, USA

    Dr. Shijie Wang

  4. RHI Magnesita, Leoben, Austria

    Dr. Dean Gregurek

  5. BBA Inc., Montreal, Canada

    Ph.D. Joël Kapusta

  6. Extractive Metallurgy Consultant, Kingston, Canada

    Thomas P. Battle

  7. Missouri University of Science and Technology, Rolla, USA

    Prof. Mark E. Schlesinger

  8. Aurubis, Hamburg, Germany

    Gerardo Raul Alvear Flores

  9. University of Queensland, Queensland, Australia

    Dr. Evgueni Jak

  10. XPS-Glencore, Falconbridge, Canada

    Graeme Goodall

  11. University of Utah, Salt Lake City, USA

    Prof. Michael L. Free

  12. University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada

    Edouard Asselin

  13. University of Lorraine, Vandœuvre-lès-Nancy, France

    Alexandre Chagnes

  14. University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada

    Prof. David Dreisinger

  15. Newmont Mining, Elko, USA

    Matthew Jeffrey

  16. University of Arizona, Tucson, USA

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  17. Miller Metallurgical Services Pty Ltd., Brisbane, Australia

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  18. University of Cape Town, Rondebosch, Australia

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  19. Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil

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  20. Shanghai University, Shanghai, China

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  21. MetNetH20 Inc., Peterborough, Canada

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  23. University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada

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  26. Avalon Rare Metals Inc., Toronto, Canada

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  27. University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada

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  28. SGS Minerals, Lakefield, Canada

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  29. Newmont Mining, Greenwood Village, USA

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  30. Newmont Mining Corporation, Greenwood village, USA

    Tarun Bhambhani

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Zeng, Y., Zaghib, K., Demopoulos, G.P. (2018). Hydrothermal Production of Lithium Metal Silicate Powders with Controlled Properties for Application to Li-ion Batteries. In: , et al. Extraction 2018. The Minerals, Metals & Materials Series. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-95022-8_215

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