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Mental Health in Chronic and End-Stage Renal Disease

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Psychosocial Care of End-Stage Organ Disease and Transplant Patients

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Abstract

Center for Disease Control (CDC) estimates that 16.8% of US adults over age 20 have chronic kidney disease (CKD). CKD is the ninth cause of death in the United States. Patients with CKD have a high prevalence of psychiatric concerns. The most common psychiatric presentations in this population are depressive disorders, cognitive difficulties, sleep disorders, and psychosis. In addition to metabolic and cardiovascular changes, patients with CKD also undergo major psychological adjustments, especially in preparation for renal replacement therapies which include dialysis or transplantation. This chapter will focus on mental health presentations in patients with CKD before the beginning of renal replacement therapy. After a brief overview of the mechanisms of psychiatric presentations in CKD, we will discuss the epidemiology and the impact of the most common mental health concerns in this population. The chapter will also discuss the evidence to date in regard to treatment for psychiatric conditions in CKD. Specific mental health considerations, including psychopharmacology, in patients on dialysis will be discussed in Chap. 7.

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Abbreviations

AIS:

Acceptance of Illness Scale

BDI:

Beck Depression Inventory

BFI:

Big Five Inventory

CAPD:

Continuous automated peritoneal dialysis

CKD:

Patients with chronic kidney disease not on HD or PD

COPE:

Coping strategies with stress

CS:

Cross-sectional study

DSI:

Dialysis Symptom Index

DSM V:

Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition

DT:

Distress Thermometer

ESRD:

End-stage renal disease

ESS-r:

Somatic Symptom Scale revised

FSFI:

Female Sexual Function Index

GDS-4:

Geriatric Depression Scale

HADS:

Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale

HARS:

Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale

HD:

Patients on hemodialysis

HDRS:

Hamilton Depression Rating Scale

HPS:

Health perceptions questionnaire

IDDM:

Insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus

IEFF:

Erectile Function International Evaluation Form

KDQoL:

Kidney Disease Quality of Life

MHLC:

Multidimensional Health Locus of Control scale

MINI:

Mini-International Neuropsychiatric Interview

MMSE:

Mini Mental Status Examination

MOODS-SR:

Self-report questionnaire to assess mood

MOS:

Medical Outcomes Study

MR:

Medical records

MSAS-SF:

Renal Memorial Symptom Assessment Scale

MSPSS:

Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support

OL-HDF:

Online hemodiafiltration

P:

Prospective study

PAS-SR:

Self-report questionnaire to assess panic and agoraphobia

PD:

Patients on peritoneal dialysis

SCID-D:

Structured Clinical Interview for Depression

SCLE 90:

Symptom Checklist 90

SF-36:

Short Form Health Survey

SOS:

Significant Others Scale

TAS:

Toronto Alexithymia Scale

TDQ:

Taiwan Depression Questionnaire

THS:

Trait Hope Scale

WHODAS 2:

WHO Disability Assessment Schedule 2.0

WHOQOL-BREF:

World Health Organization Quality of Life instrument

3MS:

Modified Mini-Mental State Examination

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Departments of Psychiatry and Surgery, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA

    Paula C. Zimbrean

  2. Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada

    Jennifer Braverman & Marta Novak

  3. Centre For Mental Health, University Health Network-Toronto General Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada

    Jennifer Braverman & Marta Novak

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  1. Paula C. Zimbrean
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Correspondence to Paula C. Zimbrean .

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  1. Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA

    Yelizaveta Sher

  2. Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA

    José R. Maldonado

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Zimbrean, P.C., Braverman, J., Novak, M. (2019). Mental Health in Chronic and End-Stage Renal Disease. In: Sher, Y., Maldonado, J. (eds) Psychosocial Care of End-Stage Organ Disease and Transplant Patients. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-94914-7_6

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