Abstract
This chapter explores economic nationalism in East Central Europe, with a focus on the ways in which trade protectionism dovetailed with nation-building processes in the multinational Habsburg Empire, often taking the form of “defensive” boycott movements against perceived subjugators or oppressors. These boycott campaigns were a sign of political radicalization that, to a large extent, acknowledged the failure of self-help organizations, credit cooperatives, and gradual industrialization to produce separate, self-sufficient national economies in a speedy manner. In this respect, their significance lies more in the political sphere than in the economic sphere.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Notes
- 1.
My reading of List is largely influenced by Eric Helleiner, ‘Economic Nationalism as a Challenge to Economic Liberalism? Lessons from the 19th Century,’ International Studies Quarterly, vol. 46, (2002), 307–329.
- 2.
Helleiner, “Economic Nationalism,” 313.
- 3.
Helleiner, “Economic Nationalism,” 313.
- 4.
Helleiner, “Economic Nationalism,” 311.
- 5.
Ivan T. Berend, History Derailed: Central and Eastern Europe in the Long Nineteenth Century, 140.
- 6.
Quoted in Andrew Janos, The Politics of Backwardness in Hungary, 1825–1945 (Princeton, 1982), 67.
- 7.
Fridrik List, A politikai gazdálkodás nemzeti rendszere, 2 vols., translated by Antal Sárváry (Köszeg, 1843). See also Gottfried Fittbogen, Friedrich List in Ungarn (Berlin, 1942), and Eugene Wendler, Friedrich List (1789–1846): A Visionary Economist with Social Responsibility (Heidelberg, 2015), 233–241.
- 8.
Janos, The Politics of Backwardness, 68.
- 9.
Domokos Kosáry, Kossuth és a Védegylet: A magyar nacionalizmus történetéhez (Budapest, 1942), 59.
- 10.
István Deák, The Lawful Revolution: Louis Kossuth and the Hungarians, 1848–1849 (New York, 1979), 52–53.
- 11.
Kosáry, Kossuth és a Védegylet, 83–84; Deák, The Lawful Revolution, 53.
- 12.
Janos, The Politics of Backwardness, 68; George Barany, ‘The Age of Royal Absolutism, 1790–1848’, in: A History of Hungary, eds. Peter Sugar et al., (Bloomington, 1990), 201.
- 13.
Torsten Lorenz, ‘Introduction: Cooperatives in Ethnic Conflicts,’ in: Cooperatives in Ethnic Conflicts: Eastern Europe in the 19th and Early 20th Century, (Berlin, 2006), 16–17.
- 14.
Lorenz, “Introduction,” 9.
- 15.
Catherine Albrecht, ‘Nationalism in the Cooperative Movement in Bohemia,’ in: Cooperatives in Ethnic Conflicts, 227.
- 16.
Kai Struve, ‘Peasant Emancipation and National Integration. Agrarian Circles, Village Reading Rooms, and Cooperatives in Galicia,’ in: Cooperatives in Ethnic Conflicts, 229–250.
- 17.
Attila Hunyadi, ‘Three Paradigms of Cooperative Movements with Nationalist Taxonomy in Transylvania,’ in: Cooperatives in Ethnic Conflicts, 59–102; on the Saxon Raiffeisen movement in Transylvania, see Gábor Egry, ‘Az erdélyi szász Raiffeisen-mozgalom kezdetei,’ AETAS, (2004/1), 100–131.
- 18.
David Peal, ‘Antisemitism by Other Means? The Rural Cooperative Movement in Late Nineteenth-Century Germany,’ Leo Baeck Institute Yearbook, vol. 32, (1987), 135, 148.
- 19.
Peal, “Antisemitism by Other Means?” 144–45, 148.
- 20.
Catherine Albrecht, ‘The Rhetoric of Economic Nationalism in the Bohemian Boycott Campaigns of the Late Habsburg Monarchy,’ Austrian History Yearbook, vol. 32, (2001), 47; Jeremy King, Budweisers into Czechs and Germans: A Local History of Bohemian Politics, 1848–1948 (Princeton, 2002).
- 21.
Jindřich Toman, ‘Shadows of Anti-Semitism: Jan Neruda on Jews,’ Judaica Bohemiae, vol. XLVI, (2011), 23–49.
- 22.
Thomas David and Elisabeth Spilman, ‘Proto-Economic-Nationalism in the Early Nineteenth Century’, in: History and Culture of Economic Nationalism in East Central Europe, eds. Helga Schultz and Eduard Kubu, (Berlin, 2006), 89–108; Konrad Zieliński, Swój do swego! O stosunkach polsko-zydowskich w przeddzien Wielkiej Wojny, Kwartalnik Historii Zydów, vol. 211, (2004), 325–346.
- 23.
Albrecht, “The Rhetoric of Economic Nationalism,” 56–57.
- 24.
Albrecht, “The Rhetoric of Economic Nationalism,” 56–57.
- 25.
Catherine Albrecht, ‘National Economy or Economic Nationalism in the Bohemian Crownlands 1848–1914,’ in: Labyrinth of Nationalism, Complexities of Diplomacy: Essays in Honor of Charles and Barbara Jelavich, ed. Richard Frucht, (Columbus, 1992), 70.
- 26.
Michal Frankl, “Prag ist nunmehr Antisemitisch”: Tschechischer Antisemitismus am Ende des 19. Jahrhunderts, translated by Michael Wögerbauer (Berlin, 2011), 86. Originally published in Czech as “Emancipace od židů” český antisemitismus na konci 19. století (Prague, 2007).
- 27.
Albín Bráf, České a nčmecké “svůj k svému” (Prague, 1911); Michal Frankl, “Prag ist nunmehr Antisemitisch,” 86; Karel B. Müller, Češi, občanská společnost a evropské výzvy (Prague, 2016), 107–129.
- 28.
Karel Adámek, Slovo o židech (Chrudim, 1899); Michael Frankl, “Prag ist nunmehr Antisemitisch,” 84.
- 29.
Frankl, “Prag ist nunmehr Antisemitisch,” 79–84.
- 30.
[Cyril Horáček], Naše hospodářské nedostatky (Chrudim, 1900). See Frankl, “Prag ist nunmehr Antisemitisch,” 79–84.
- 31.
Interestingly, Miroslav Hroch, the Czech scholar of nationalism, outlines three similar stages in his monograph, Social Preconditions of National Revival in Europe: A Comparative Analysis of the Social Composition of Patriotic Groups among the Smaller European Nations (Cambridge, 1985), originally published as Die Vorkämpfer der nationalen Bewegungen bei der kleinen Völker Europas (Prague, 1968).
- 32.
Frankl, “Prag ist nunmehr Antisemitisch,” 82–83.
- 33.
Albrecht, “The Rhetoric of Economic Nationalism,” 59.
- 34.
Albrecht, “The Rhetoric of Economic Nationalism,” 59.
- 35.
Rudolf Jaworski, ‘Zum ökonomischer Interessenvertretung und nationalkultureller Selbstbehauptung. Zum Wirtschaftsnationalismus in Ostmitteleuropa vor 1914,’ Zeitschrift für Ostmitteleuropaforschung, vol. 53, no. 2 (2004), 267.
- 36.
Jaworski, “Zum ökonomischer Interessenvertretung,” 267.
- 37.
Albrecht, “The Rhetoric of Economic Nationalism,” 60.
- 38.
Josef Gruntzel, “Der Boycott als handelspolitische Waffe,” Weltwirtschaftliches Archiv, vol. 9, (1917), 241.
- 39.
Helleiner, “Economic Nationalism,” 314.
- 40.
Quoted in Michael L. Miller and Scott Ury, ‘Cosmopolitanism: the End of Jewishness,’ European Review of History, vol. 17, no. 3, (June 2010), 341. On Fichte’s economic nationalism, see Isaac Nakhimovsky, The Closed Commercial State: Perpetual Peace and Commercial Society from Rousseau to Fichte (Princeton, 2011), and Richard T. Gray, ‘Economic Romanticism: Monetary Nationalism inn Johann Gottlieb Fichte and Adam Müller,’ Eighteenth Century Studies, vol. 36, no. 4, (Summer 2003), 535–557.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2019 The Author(s)
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Miller, M.L. (2019). In Defense of the Nation: Protectionism and Boycotts in the Habsburg Lands, 1844–1914. In: Feldman, D. (eds) Boycotts Past and Present. Palgrave Critical Studies of Antisemitism and Racism. Palgrave Macmillan, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-94872-0_3
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-94872-0_3
Published:
Publisher Name: Palgrave Macmillan, Cham
Print ISBN: 978-3-319-94871-3
Online ISBN: 978-3-319-94872-0
eBook Packages: HistoryHistory (R0)