Skip to main content

Reviewing Empirical Examples of Health Research Using Naturally Occurring Data

  • Chapter
  • First Online:
Using Naturally Occurring Data in Qualitative Health Research

Abstract

Pedagogical textbooks designed to teach their readers how to do research can sometimes feel de-contextualised from the practice of research. To overcome this and to demonstrate how naturally occurring data can contribute to health and healthcare practice, this chapter shows how naturally occurring data works. In this chapter, we provide some detailed examples of health research we have been involved in that has used naturally occurring data and reflexively discuss the benefits, the challenges, and the findings from these studies.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 69.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Hardcover Book
USD 89.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

References

  • Antaki, C., & O’Reilly, M. (2014). Either/or questions in psychiatric assessments: The effect of the seriousness and order of the alternatives. Discourse Studies, 16(3), 327–345.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Arora, N. (2003). Interacting with cancer patients: The significance of physicians’ communication behaviour. Social Science and Medicine, 57(5), 791–806.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Barker, P., & Chang, J. (2013). Basic family therapy (6th ed.). West Sussex: Wiley.

    Book  Google Scholar 

  • Biklen, D., Attfield, R., Bissonnette, L., Blackman, L., Burke, J., Frugone, A., … Rubin, S. (2005). Autism and the myth of the person alone. New York, NY: New York University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Broderick, A. A., & Ne’eman, A. (2008). Autism as metaphor: Narrative and counter narrative. International Journal of Inclusive Education, 12(5–6), 459–476.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Broderick, C., & Schrader, S. (1981). The history of professional marriage and family therapy. In A. S. Gurman & D. Knisken (Eds.), Handbook of family therapy (pp. 5–38). New York, NY: Brunner/Mazel Inc.

    Google Scholar 

  • Carr, A. (2012). Family therapy: Concepts, process and practice (3rd ed.). Chichester: Wiley.

    Google Scholar 

  • Day, C., Carey, M., & Surgenor, T. (2006). Children’s key concerns: Piloting a qualitative approach to understanding their experience of mental health care. Clinical Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 11(1), 139–155.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Department of Health. (2003). Getting the right start: National service framework for children: Emerging findings. Norwich. HMSO.

    Google Scholar 

  • Doebbeling, C. (2012). Routine psychiatric assessment. In Merck Manuals. Retrieved from www.merckmanuals.com

    Google Scholar 

  • Drew, P., Chatwin, J., & Collins, S. (2001). Conversation analysis: A method for research into interactions between patients and health-care professionals. Health Expectations, 4(1), 58–70.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Edwards, D., & Potter, J. (1992). Discursive psychology. London: Sage.

    Google Scholar 

  • Fasulo, A. (2015). The value of conversation analysis for the study of children’s mental health. In M. O’Reilly & J. N. Lester (Eds.), The Palgrave handbook of child mental health: Discourse and conversation studies (pp. 3–24). Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan.

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  • Gergen, K., & Ness, O. (2016). Therapeutic practice as social construction. In M. O’Reilly & J. N. Lester (Eds.), The Palgrave handbook of adult mental health (pp. 502–519). Hampshire: Palgrave Macmillan.

    Google Scholar 

  • Grigg, M., Herrman, H., Harvey, C., & Endacott, R. (2007). Factors influencing triage decisions in mental health services. Australian Health Review, 31, 239–245.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Guillemim, M., & Gillam, L. (2004). Ethics, reflexivity and “ethically important moments” in qualitative research. Qualitative Inquiry, 10(2), 261–280.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hartzell, M., Seikkula, J., & von Knorring, A. L. (2009). What children feel about their first encounter with child and adolescent psychiatry. Contemporary Family Therapy, 31, 177–192.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Heburn, A., & Bolden, G. (2017). Transcription as a social process. London: Sage.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hepburn, A., & Bolden, G. (2013). The conversation analytic approach to transcription. In T. Stivers & J. Sidnell (Eds.), The Blackwell handbook of conversation analysis (pp. 57–76). Oxford: Blackwell.

    Google Scholar 

  • Heritage, J., & Maynard, D. (2006). Problems and prospects in the study of physician-patient interaction: 30 years of research. Annual Review of Sociology, 32, 351–374.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Horvath, A., & Bedi, R. (2002). The alliance. In J. Norcross (Ed.), Psychotherapy relationships that work: Therapist contributions and responsiveness to patients (pp. 37–69). New York, NY: Oxford University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hutchby, I., & O’Reilly, M. (2010). Children’s participation and the familial moral order in family therapy. Discourse Studies, 12(1), 49–64.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hutchby, I., & Wooffitt, R. (2008). Conversation analysis (2nd ed.). Oxford: Blackwell.

    Google Scholar 

  • Jefferson, G. (2004). Glossary of transcript symbols with an introduction. In G. H. Lerner (Ed.), Conversation analysis: Studies from the first generation (pp. 13–31). Amsterdam: John Benjamins.

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  • Jones, E., Lucey, C., & Wadland, L. (2000). Triage: A waiting list initiative in a child mental health service. Psychiatric Bulletin, 24, 57–59.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Karasu, T. B. (1986). The specificity versus nonspecificity dilemma: Toward identifying therapeutic change agents. The American Journal of Psychiatry. 40, 324–343.

    Google Scholar 

  • Karim, K. (2015). The value of conversation analysis: A child psychiatrist’s perspective. In The Palgrave handbook of child mental health (pp. 25–41). Palgrave Macmillan, London.

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  • Kiyimba, N., & O’Reilly, M. (2015). Parents’ resistance of anticipated blame through alignment strategies: a discursive argument for temporary exclusion of children from family therapy. In M. O’Reilly & J. Lester (Eds.), The Palgrave handbook of child mental health; Discourse and conversation studies (pp. 559–577). Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan.

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  • Lester, J. N. (2012). Researching the discursive function of silence: A reconsideration of the normative communication patterns in the talk of children with autism labels. In G. S. Cannella & S. R. Steinberg (Eds.), Critical qualitative research reader (pp. 329–340). New York, NY: Peter Lang.

    Google Scholar 

  • Lester, J. N. (2014). Negotiating abnormality/normality in therapy talk: A discursive psychology approach to the study of therapeutic interactions and children with autism. Qualitative Psychology, 1(2), 178–193.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Lester, J. N. (2015). Leveraging two computer-assisted qualitative data analysis software packages to support discourse analysis. In S. Hai-Jew (Ed.), Enhancing qualitative and mixed methods research with technology (pp. 194–209). Hershey, PA: IGI Global.

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  • Lester, J. N., & O’Reilly, M. (2016). Repositioning disability in the discourse of our times: A study of the everyday lives of children with autism. In G. Noblit & W. Pink (Eds.), Education, equity, and economy (pp. 133–160). London: Springer.

    Google Scholar 

  • Lester, J. N., O’Reilly, M., Kiyimba, N., & Wong, J. (2018). Discursive psychology: Implications for counselling psychology. The Counseling Psychologist, 46(5), 576–607.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Lester, J. N., & Paulus, T. M. (2012). Performative acts of autism. Discourse & Society, 12(3), 259–273.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Lester, J. N., & Paulus, T. M. (2014). “That teacher takes everything badly”: Discursively reframing non-normative behaviors in therapy sessions. International Journal of Qualitative Studies in Education, 27(5), 641–666.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Mash, E., & Hunsley, J. (2005). Special section: Developing guidelines for the evidence-based assessment of child and adolescent disorders. Journal of Child and Adolescent Psychology, 34(3), 362–379.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • McLeod, J. (2001). Qualitative research in counseling and psychotherapy. London: Sage.

    Book  Google Scholar 

  • O’Reilly, M. (2015). “We’re here to get you sorted”: parental perceptions of the purpose, progression and outcomes in family therapy. Journal of Family Therapy, 37, 322–342.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • O’Reilly, M., Karim, K., & Kiyimba, N. (2015). Question use in child mental health assessments and the challenges of listening to families. British Journal of Psychiatry Open, 1(2), 116–120.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • O’Reilly, M., Karim, K., Stafford, V., & Hutchby, I. (2015). Identifying the interactional processes in the first assessments in child mental health. Child and Adolescent Mental Health, 20(4), 195–201.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • O’Reilly, M., & Kiyimba, N. (2015). Advanced qualitative research: A guide to contemporary theoretical debates. London: Sage.

    Google Scholar 

  • O’Reilly, M., Kiyimba, N., & Karim, K. (2016). “This is a question we have to ask everyone”: Asking young people about self-harm and suicide. Journal of Psychiatric and Mental Health Nursing, 23, 479–488.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • O’Reilly, M., & Lester, J. (2016a). Introduction: The social construction of normality and pathology. In M. O’Reilly & J. Lester (Eds.), The Palgrave handbook of Adult mental health: Discourse and conversation studies (pp. 1–20). Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan.

    Google Scholar 

  • O’Reilly, M., & Lester, J. (2016b). Building a case for good parenting in a family therapy systemic environment: Resisting blame and accounting for children’s behaviour. Journal of family therapy, 38(4), 491–511.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • O’Reilly, M., Lester, J., & Muskett, T. (2016). Children’s claims to knowledge regarding their mental health experiences and practitioners’ negotiation of the problem. Patient Education and Counseling [Special issue], 99, 905–910.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • O’Reilly, M., Lester, J., Muskett, T., & Karim, K. (2017). How parents build a case for autism spectrum disorder during initial assessments: “We’re fighting a losing battle”. Discourse Studies, 19(1), 69–83.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • O’Reilly, M., & Parker, N. (2013). You can take a horse to water but you can’t make it drink’: Exploring children’s engagement and resistance in family therapy. Contemporary Family Therapy, 35(3), 491–507.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • O’Reilly, M., & Parker, N. (2014). “She needs a smack in the gob”: Negotiating what is appropriate talk in front of children in family therapy. Journal of Family Therapy, 36(3), 287–307.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Ochs, E. (1979). Transcription as theory. In E. Ochs & B. Schieffelin (Eds.), Developmental pragmatics (pp. 43–72). New York, NY: Academic Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Parker, N., & O’Reilly, M. (2013). Reflections from behind the screen: avoiding therapeutic rupture when utilising reflecting teams. The Family Journal: Counseling for Couples and Families, 21(2), 170–179.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Parkin, A., Frake, C., & Davison, I. (2003). A triage clinic in a child and adolescent mental health service. Child and Adolescent Mental Health, 8(4), 177–183.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Potter, J. (2004). Discourse analysis as a way of analysing naturally occurring talk. In D. Silverman (Ed.), Qualitative research: Theory, method and practice (2nd ed., pp. 200–221). London: Sage.

    Google Scholar 

  • Potter, J., & Wetherell, M. (1987). Discourse and social psychology. London: Sage.

    Google Scholar 

  • Rhodes, P. (2011). Why clinical psychology needs process research: An examination of four methodologies. Clinical Child Psychology, 17(4), 495–504.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Robinson, J., & Heritage, J. (2006). Physicians’ opening questions and patients’ satisfaction. Patient Education and Counseling, 60(3), 279–285.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Roy-Chowdhury, S. (2003). Knowing the unknowable: What constitutes evidence in family therapy? Journal of Family Therapy, 25, 64–85.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Roy-Chowdhury, S. (2006). How is the therapeutic relationship talked into being? Journal of Family Therapy, 28, 153–174.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Sands, N. (2004). Mental health triage nursing: An Australasian perspective. Journal of Psychiatric Mental Health Nursing, 11(2), 150–155.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Schomerus, G., & Angermeyer, M. (2008). Stigma and its impact on help-seeking for mental disorders: What do we know? Epidemiologia e Psichiatria Sociale, 17(1), 31–37.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Sheridan, M., Peterson, B., & Rosen, K. (2010). The experiences of parents of adolescents in family therapy: A qualitative investigation. Journal of Marital and Family Therapy, 36(2), 144–157.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Silverman, D. (1998). Harvey sacks: Social science and conversation analysis. Cambridge: Polity Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Stafford, V., Hutchby, I., Karim, K., & O’Reilly, M. (2016). “Why are you here?” Seeking children’s accounts of their presentation to CAMHS. Clinical Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 21(1), 3–18.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Strong, T., Busch, R., & Couture, S. (2008). Conversational evidence in therapeutic dialogue. Journal of Marital and Family Therapy, 34(3), 388–405.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Taylor, S. (2001). Locating and conducting discourse analytic research. In M. Wetherell, S. Taylor, & S. J. Yates (Eds.), Discourse as data: A guide for analysis (pp. 5–48). London: Sage.

    Google Scholar 

  • Thomas, C. (2001). Feminism and disability: The theoretical and political significance of the personal and experience. In L. Barton (Ed.), Disability, politics and the struggle for change (pp. 48–58). London: David Fulton.

    Google Scholar 

  • Thomas, C. (2004). How is disability understood? An examination of sociological approaches. Disability & Society, 19(6), 569–583.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Wolff, S. (2004). The history of autism. European Child & Adolescent Psychiatry, 13(4), 201–208.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Wolpert, M., & Fredman, G. (1994). Modelling the referral pathway to mental health services for children. Association of Child Psychology and Psychiatry: Newsletter, 16, 283–288.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ziolkowska, J. (2009). Positions in doctors’ questions during psychiatric interviews. Qualitative Health Research, 19(11), 1621–1631.

    Article  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2019 Springer International Publishing AG, part of Springer Nature

About this chapter

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this chapter

Kiyimba, N., Lester, J.N., O’Reilly, M. (2019). Reviewing Empirical Examples of Health Research Using Naturally Occurring Data. In: Using Naturally Occurring Data in Qualitative Health Research. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-94839-3_12

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-94839-3_12

  • Published:

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Cham

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-319-94838-6

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-319-94839-3

  • eBook Packages: MedicineMedicine (R0)

Publish with us

Policies and ethics