Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

The Window Fill Rate with Nonzero Assembly Times: Application to a Battery Swapping Network

  • Conference paper
  • First Online:
Operations Research and Enterprise Systems (ICORES 2017)

Part of the book series: Communications in Computer and Information Science ((CCIS,volume 884))

Included in the following conference series:

  • 492 Accesses

Abstract

One suggestion to overcome the range anxiety of electrical vehicle owners is the use of a network of battery swapping stations. To improve the network’s performance, managers can purchase spares and place them in the network’s stations. The battery allocation problem, therefore, is finding the allocation that optimizes the network’s performance. For the performance measure, we consider the window fill rate, that is, the probability that a customer that enters a swapping station will exit it within a certain time window. For the battery swapping network this time window is defined as the customer’s tolerable wait. In our derivation of the window fill rate formulae, we differ from earlier research in that we assume that the time to remove and install a battery is not negligible. We numerically analyze the battery allocation problem for a hypothetical countrywide application in Israel and demonstrate the importance of estimating correctly customers’ tolerable wait. We find that the window fill rate criterion leads to two classes of stations, those that are assigned spares and those that are not. Additionally, we show the savings attained by reducing the swapping time. Finally, we compare between a balanced and imbalanced system (in terms of customer arrival to the various stations) and show that the advantage of each system crucially depends on the length of the tolerable wait.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Log in via an institution
Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 39.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 54.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

References

  1. Dreyfuss, M., Giat, Y.: Optimal spares allocation in an exchangeable-item repair system with tolerable wait. Eur. J. Oper. Res. 261, 584–594 (2017)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  2. Dreyfuss, M., Giat, Y.: Optimizing spare battery allocation in an electric vehicle battery swapping system. In: Proceedings of the 6th International Conference on Operations Research and Enterprise Systems, pp. 38–46 (2017)

    Google Scholar 

  3. Davies, A.: The electric scooter scheme that could finally make battery-swapping work. Wired (2015)

    Google Scholar 

  4. Prata, J., Arsenio, E., Pontes, J.: Setting a city strategy for low carbon emissions: the role of electric vehicles, renewable energy and energy efficiency. Int. J. Sustain. Dev. Plann. 10, 190–202 (2015)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  5. Dijk, M., Orsato, R., Kemp, R.: The emergence of an electric mobility trajectory. Energy Policy 52, 135–145 (2013)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  6. Zhou, Y., Wang, M., Hao, H., Johnson, L., Wang, H.: Plug-in electric vehicle market penetration and incentives: a global review. Mitig. Adapt. Strat. Glob. Change 20, 777–795 (2015)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  7. Coffman, M., Bernstein, P., Wee, S.: Electric vehicles revisited: a review of factors that affect adoption. Transp. Rev. 37, 79–93 (2017)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  8. Neubauer, J., Wood, E.: The impact of range anxiety and home, workplace, and public charging infrastructure on simulated battery electric vehicle lifetime utility. J. Power Sources 257, 12–20 (2014)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  9. Noel, L., Sovacool, B.: Why did Better Place fail? Range anxiety, interpretive flexibility, and electric vehicle promotion in Denmark and Israel. Energy Policy 94, 377–386 (2016)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  10. Mak, H., Rong, Y., Shen, Z.: Infrastructure planning for electric vehicles with battery swapping. Manage. Sci. 59, 1557–1575 (2013)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  11. Yang, J., Sun, H.: Battery swap station location-routing problem with capacitated electric vehicles. Comput. Oper. Res. 55, 217–232 (2015)

    Article  MathSciNet  Google Scholar 

  12. Sarker, M., Hrvoje, P., Ortega-Vazquez, M.: Optimal operation and services scheduling for an electric vehicle battery swapping station. IEEE Trans. Power Syst. 30, 901–910 (2015)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  13. Chafkin, M.: A broken place: the spectacular failure of the startup that was going to change the world. Fast Company (2014)

    Google Scholar 

  14. Durrande-Moreau, A.: Waiting for service: ten years of empirical research. Int. J. Serv. Ind. Manag. 10, 171–194 (1990)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  15. Katz, K., Larson, B., Larson, R.: Prescriptions for the waiting in line blues: entertain, enlighten and engage. Sloan Manage. Rev. Winter, 44–53 (1991)

    Google Scholar 

  16. Smidts, A., Pruyn, A.: How waiting affects customer satisfaction with service: the role of subjective variables. In: Proceedings of the 3rd International Research Seminar in Service Management, pp. 678–696. Université d’Aix-Marseille (1994)

    Google Scholar 

  17. Demoulin, N., Djelassi, S.: Customer responses to waits for online banking service delivery. Int. J. Retail Distrib. Manage. 41, 442–460 (2013)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  18. Maister, D.: The psychology of waiting lines. In: Czepiel, J., Solomon, M., Surprenant, C. (eds.) The Service Encounter: Managing Employee/Customer Interaction in Service Business. Lexington Books, Lexington, MA, pp. 113–123 (1985)

    Google Scholar 

  19. Song, J.: On the order fill rate in a multi-item, base-stock inventory system. Oper. Res. 46, 831–845 (1998)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  20. Caggiano, K., Jackson, L., Muckstadt, A., Rappold, A.: Optimizing service parts inventory in a multiechelon, multi-item supply chain with time-based customer service-level agreements. Oper. Res. 55, 303–318 (2007)

    Article  MathSciNet  Google Scholar 

  21. Caggiano, K., Jackson, L., Muckstadt, A., Rappold, A.: Efficient computation of time-based customer service levels in a multi-item, multi-echelon supply chain: a practical approach for inventory optimization. Eur. J. Oper. Res. 199, 744–749 (2009)

    Article  MathSciNet  Google Scholar 

  22. Avci, B., Girotra, K., Netessine, S.: Electric vehicles with a battery switching station: adoption and environmental impact. Manage. Sci. 61, 772–794 (2014)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  23. Basten, R., van Houtum, G.: System-oriented inventory models for spare parts. Surv. Oper. Res. Manage. Sci. 19, 34–55 (2014)

    MathSciNet  Google Scholar 

  24. Shtub, A., Simon, M.: Determination of reorder points for spare parts in a two-echelon inventory system: the case of non-identical maintenance facilities. Eur. J. Oper. Res. 73, 458–464 (1994)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  25. Berg, M., Posner, M.: Customer delay in M/G/\(\infty \) repair systems with spares. Oper. Res. 38, 344–348 (1990)

    Article  MathSciNet  Google Scholar 

  26. Ross, S.: Introduction to Probability Models, 2nd edn. Academic Press, New York (1981)

    MATH  Google Scholar 

  27. Bullis, K.: Forget battery swapping: tesla aims to charge electric cars in five minutes. MIT Technol. Rev. (2013)

    Google Scholar 

  28. Arcus, C.: Battery lifetime: how long can electric vehicle batteries last? CleanTechnica (2016)

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Industrial Engineering, Jerusalem College of Technology, HaVaad HaLeumi 21, Jerusalem, Israel

    Michael Dreyfuss & Yahel Giat

Authors
  1. Michael Dreyfuss
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Yahel Giat
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Yahel Giat .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. INFORMS, Catonsville, Maryland, USA

    Greg H. Parlier

  2. Carlos III University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain

    Federico Liberatore

  3. Royal Melbourne Institute of Technology, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia

    Marc Demange

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2018 Springer International Publishing AG, part of Springer Nature

About this paper

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this paper

Dreyfuss, M., Giat, Y. (2018). The Window Fill Rate with Nonzero Assembly Times: Application to a Battery Swapping Network. In: Parlier, G., Liberatore, F., Demange, M. (eds) Operations Research and Enterprise Systems. ICORES 2017. Communications in Computer and Information Science, vol 884. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-94767-9_3

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-94767-9_3

  • Published:

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Cham

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-319-94766-2

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-319-94767-9

  • eBook Packages: Computer ScienceComputer Science (R0)

Publish with us

Policies and ethics

Search

Navigation