Abstract
TOSCA is an OASIS standard for specifying cloud applications and automating their management. The topology of a cloud application can be described as a typed and directed graph. The latter can then be automatically processed by so-called TOSCA engines to automate the deployment and management of the described application on cloud platforms. In this paper we first illustrate the conditions ensuring the validity of a TOSCA application topology. We then introduce Sommelier, an open-source validator of TOSCA application topologies based on such validity conditions.
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Notes
- 1.
A more detailed, self-contained introduction to TOSCA can be found in [9].
- 2.
- 3.
We first systematically read the TOSCA specification [4], and we excerpted all portions that describe how to specify interconnection constraints. In the following, we shall recall all such portions, and we illustrate how to directly map each of them to a formal condition that must be verified to ensure the validity of a TOSCA application topology.
- 4.
Since the focus of this paper is on validating inter-component dependencies in TOSCA application topologies, and since occurrences is not giving any constraint concerning inter-component dependencies, we shall not formalise the trivial condition to validate occurrences.
- 5.
A node template’s requirement assignment corresponds to a node type’s requirement definitions if they have the same name req_name.
- 6.
Since we focus on design-time, we shall not consider all constraints on how to automatically complete the topology of a TOSCA application (viz., those constraining the types of node and relationship that can be used to automatically fulfill a requirement at run-time). Anyway, our approach can help driving the automatic completion of TOSCA application topologies, as well as to double-check that automatically completed topologies are valid.
- 7.
Given that t and \(t'\) are TOSCA types, \(t'\) extends t if \(t'\) is (directly or indirectly) derived_from t [4].
- 8.
All TOSCA relationship types should be derived (directly or indirectly) from the tosca.relationships.Root relationship type [4].
- 9.
Please recall that a relationship is outgoing from a requirement assignment \( r _ a \). The latter can either indicate the specific capability satisfying \( r _ a \), or a node template offering (at least) a capability satisfying \( r _ a \) (see Fig. 5).
- 10.
All TOSCA capability types should be derived (directly or indirectly) from the tosca.capability.Root capability type [4].
- 11.
The source code of Sommelier is publicly available on GitHub at https://github.com/di-unipi-socc/Sommelier.
- 12.
- 13.
The files are developed and maintained by the community around the OpenStack TOSCA parser. They are publicly available at https://github.com/openstack/tosca-parser/tree/master/toscaparser/tests/data. We hereby consider the version of the files available on November 13th, 2016.
- 14.
To run coverage, the coverage-py Python library must be installed on the host. The latter can be installed by executing sudo pip install coverage.
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Acknowledgements
We would like to thank Luca Rinaldi for his valuable help in preparing the battery of unit tests for Sommelier.
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Brogi, A., Di Tommaso, A., Soldani, J. (2018). Sommelier: A Tool for Validating TOSCA Application Topologies. In: Pires, L., Hammoudi, S., Selic, B. (eds) Model-Driven Engineering and Software Development. MODELSWARD 2017. Communications in Computer and Information Science, vol 880. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-94764-8_1
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