Abstract
The Gravity Model of trade is a regression model for exchanges between countries. The model comprises a measure of exchange as its dependent variable, a measure of mass for each of the two exchanging parties, and a distance. Typically, the dependent variable represents exports, the measures of mass are the GDPs of two countries, and the distance is geographical distance. The analysis in this paper yields a number of simplifying assumptions, which if relaxed may yield a stronger model. The paper focuses on knowledge flows as measured through citations as a use case of a new convolutional gravitational model, which includes an element of delay in between the production of a good and its acquisition. The convolutional model further extends the concept of a distance between two entities to include a measure of affinity. These extensions clarify some limits of the basic model and conditions when it is appropriate.
M. H. Teodorescu—Also an affiliate of Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge MA 02139, USA.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
References
Anderson, J.E., van Wincoop, E.: Gravity with gravitas: a solution to the border puzzle. Am. Econ. Rev. 93(1), 170–192 (2003)
Porojan, A.: Trade flows and spatial effects: the gravity model revisited. Open Econ. Rev. 12(3), 265–280 (2001)
Eaton, J., Kortum, S.: Trade in ideas patenting and productivity in the OECD. J. Int. Econ. 40(3–4), 251–278 (1996)
Deardorff, A.V.: Determinants of bilateral trade: does gravity work in a neoclassical world? In: Frankel, J.A. (ed.) The Regionalization of the World Economy. University of Chicago Press (1998). ISBN 0-226-25995-1
Batra, A.: India’s global trade potential: the gravity model approach. Global Econ. Rev. 35(3), 327–361 (2006)
Feenstra, R.C., Markusen, J.R., Rose, Andrew, K.: Using the gravity equation to differentiate among alternative theories of trade. Canad. J. Econ. 34(2), 430–447 (2001). Revue canadienne d’Economique
Egger, P.: An econometric view on the estimation of gravity models and the calculation of trade potentials. World Econ. 25(2), 297–312 (2002)
Bergstrand, J.H.: The gravity equation in international trade: some microeconomic foundations and empirical evidence. Rev. Econ. Stat. 67(3), 474–481 (1985)
Bergstrand, J.H.: The generalized gravity equation, monopolistic competition, and the factor-proportions theory in international trade. Rev. Econ. Stat. 71(1), 143–153 (1989)
Campaniello, N.: The causal effect of trade on migration: evidence from countries of the euro-mediterranean partnership. Labour Econ. 30, 223–233 (2014)
Lewer, J.J., Van den Berg, H.: A gravity model of immigration. Econ. Lett. 99, 164–167 (2008)
Wee, C.H., Pearce, M.R.: Retail gravitational models: a review with implications for further research. In: Lindquist J.D. (ed.) Proceedings of the 1984 Academy of Marketing Science (AMS) Annual Conference, Developments in Marketing Science: Proceedings of the Academy of Marketing Science, pp. 300–305. Springer, Cham (2015)
Shvetsov, V.I.: Mathematical modeling of traffic flows. Autom. Remote Control 64(11), 1651–1689 (2003)
Gaussier, N.: Gravitational perspectives in garbage dump siting. Ann. Reg. Sci. 41(3), 657–672 (2007)
Choudhury, P., Teodorescu, M.H., Khanna, T.: A gravity model of knowledge flows within multinationals. In: Strategic Management Society 36th Annual Conference, Track G, Session 153 - Knowledge Sourcing and Flows, Berlin, Germany, 19 September (2016)
Maggioni, M.A., Uberti, T.E.: Knowledge networks across Europe: which distance matters? Ann. Reg. Sci. 43(3), 691–720 (2009)
Bouabid, H.: Revisiting citation aging: a model for, citation distribution and life-cycle, prediction. Scientometrics 88(1), 199–211 (2011). 10.1007/s11192-011-0370-5
Nakamoto, H.: Synchronous and diachronous citation distributions. In: Egghe, L., Rouseeau, R. (eds.) Informetrics 87/88, pp. 157–163. Elsevier Science Publishers (1988)
Burrell, Q.L.: Stochastic modelling of the first-citation distribution. Scientometrics 52(1), 3–12 (2001)
Redner, S.: How popular is your paper? An empirical study of the citation distribution. Eur. Phys. J. B 4, 131–134 (1998)
Doosje, B., Ellemers, N., Spears, R.: Perceived intragroup variability as a function of group status and identification. J. Exp. Soc. Psychol. 31(5), 410–436 (1995)
Ames, D.R.: Strategies for social inference: a similarity contingency model of projection and stereotyping in attribute prevalence estimates. J. Pers. Soc. Psychol. 87(5), 573–585 (2004)
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2019 Springer International Publishing AG, part of Springer Nature
About this paper
Cite this paper
Teodorescu, M.H. (2019). Convolutional Gravitational Models for Economic Exchanges: Mathematical Extensions for Dynamic Processes and Knowledge Flows. In: Kantola, J.I., Nazir, S., Barath, T. (eds) Advances in Human Factors, Business Management and Society. AHFE 2018. Advances in Intelligent Systems and Computing, vol 783. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-94709-9_22
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-94709-9_22
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Cham
Print ISBN: 978-3-319-94708-2
Online ISBN: 978-3-319-94709-9
eBook Packages: EngineeringEngineering (R0)