Abstract
All infants without contraindications should receive two doses of hepatitis A vaccine (trade names: Havrix®, Vaqta®) between 12-23 months of age. Doses should be given at least 6 months apart. Infants between 6-11 months of age traveling internationally to countries with high or intermediate endemnicity should also receive hepatitis A vaccine (as recommended by the ACIP at the February 2018 meeting). Such children should still receive hepatitis vaccine between 12-23 months of age as normally recommended. Older children and adults without contraindications who are at increased risk of hepatitis A infection (such as international travelers to countries with high or intermediate endemnicity; men who have sex with men; illegal drug users; contacts of recent international adoptees from countries endemic with hepatitis A virus; persons working with hepatitis A-infected primates; and those with a clotting factor disorder) as well as persons at risk of severe complications from hepatitis A infection (such as those with chronic liver disease) should also be routinely vaccinated. Hepatitis A vaccine is also now recommended for post-exposure prophylaxis for all persons age one year and older (as recommended by the ACIP at the February 2018 meeting).
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Notes
- 1.
A serious adverse event is defined by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) as resulting “in any of the following outcomes: Death, a life-threatening adverse event, inpatient hospitalization or prolongation of existing hospitalization, a persistent or significant incapacity or substantial disruption of the ability to conduct normal life functions, or a congenital anomaly/birth defect. Important medical events that may not result in death, be life-threatening, or require hospitalization may be considered serious when, based upon appropriate medical judgment, they may jeopardize the patient or subject and may require medical or surgical intervention to prevent one of the outcomes listed in this definition.” This definition is found in Title 21, §312.32 of the Electronic Code of Federal Regulations, which can be accessed at the following link: http://www.ecfr.gov/cgi-bin/text-idx?SID=6b68426ec6d55c78a6799d161ba6754c&mc=true&node= se21.5.312_132&rgn=div8
References
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Fiore, A.E., A. Wasley, and B.P. Bell, Prevention of hepatitis A through active or passive immunization: recommendations of the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices (ACIP). MMWR Recomm Rep, 2006. 55(Rr-7): p. 1–23.
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Hepatitis A Vaccines. in Meeting of the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices (ACIP). 2018. Atlanta, GA.
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Dudley, M.Z. et al. (2018). Hepatitis A. In: The Clinician’s Vaccine Safety Resource Guide. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-94694-8_8
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-94694-8_8
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