Skip to main content

Integration, Finnish Somalis and Their Right to Everyday Life

  • Chapter
  • First Online:
The Contexts of Diaspora Citizenship

Part of the book series: International Perspectives on Migration ((IPMI,volume 17))

  • 215 Accesses

Abstract

Within the public discourse of immigration, migrants who arrive in Finland as refugees or as asylum seekers, and particularly those coming from the African continent, are often singled out as the most ‘different’ in terms of their culture and background. Finnish Somalis, the majority of whom arrived in the country during the early 1990s, are still recognized as a group that faces significant challenges with respect to integration and citizenship. While focusing on the ways in which citizenship is negotiated as part of everyday interaction offers important perspectives for understanding the positioning of migrants, this chapter claims that research also needs to pay attention to the everyday in and of itself. Thus, this chapter works to challenge  the idea of the everyday as something that we all possess self-evidently, while also reviewing the routines and quotidian practices embedded in integration efforts. Fundamentally, this chapter asks, what kind of everyday is being taught to Somali migrants involved in the state-induced integration activities?

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 39.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 54.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD 54.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

References

  • Armila, P., & Sotkasiira, T. (2016). Johdanto. In P. Armila, T. Sotkasiira, & V.-S. Haverinen (Eds.), Iska Warran – Mitä kuuluu? Somalialaisdiaspora meillä ja muualla (pp. 10–13). Joensuu: University of Eastern Finland..

    Google Scholar 

  • Bennett, T., & Silva, E.B. (2004). Everyday life in contemporary culture. In E. B. Silva, & T. Bennett, (Eds.), Contemporary culture and everyday life (pp. 21–36). Durham: Sociology Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Billig, M. (1995). Banal nationalism. London: Sage.

    Google Scholar 

  • Billo, E., & Mountz, A. (2016). For institutional ethnography: Geographical approaches to institutions and the everyday. Progress in Human Geography, 40(2), 199–220.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Blanchot, M. (1987). Everyday speech. Everyday Life, 73, 12–20.

    Google Scholar 

  • Burnier, D. (2006). Encounters with the self in social science research – A political scientist looks at autoethnography. Journal of Contemporary Ethnography, 35(4), 410–418.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • City of Helsinki Urban Facts. (2014). Population. http://www.hel.fi/hel2/Helsinginseutu/HS_tunnusluvut/01_Vaesto_2013.pdf. Accessed 3 Mar 2018.

  • Ellingson, L. (2006). Embodied knowledge: Writing researchers’ bodies into qualitative health research. Qualitative Health Research, 16(2), 298–310.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Ellis, C., & Bochner, A. P. (2000). Autoethnography, personal narrative, reflexivity – Researcher as subject. In N. K. Denzin & Y. S. Lincoln (Eds.), Handbook of qualitative research (pp. 733–768). London/Thousand Oaks/New Delhi: Sage.

    Google Scholar 

  • Essed, P. (1991). Understanding everyday racism: An interdisciplinary theory. London: Sage.

    Google Scholar 

  • Felski, R. (2000). The invention of everyday life. New Formations. A Journal of Culture/Theory/Politics, 39, 15–31.

    Google Scholar 

  • Haapanen, S. (2013). Maahanmuuttajan kotoutuminen on myös makaronilaatikkoa ja pyykinpesua. http://yle.fi/uutiset/3-6577143. Accessed 3 Mar 2018.

  • Haikkola, L. (2012). Monipaikkainen nuoruus: Toinen sukupolvi, transnationaalisuus ja identiteetit. Helsinki: University of Helsinki.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hall, T., & Williamson, H. (1999). Citizenship and community. Leicester: Youth Work Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hällgren, C. (2005). ‘Working harder to be the same’: Everyday racism among young men and women in Sweden. Race ethnicity and education, 8(3), 319–342.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Harinen, P., Haverinen, V.-S., Kananen, M., & Ronkainen, J. (2014). Contexts of diaspora citizenship: Citizenship and civic integration of Somalis in Finland and the United States. Bildhaan: An International Journal of Somali Studies, 13(8), 80–101.

    Google Scholar 

  • Haverinen, V.-S. (2016). Kotiutua vai sulautua? Suomalainen multikulturalismi ja kotoutumisen seurannan indikaattorit. In P. Armila, T. Sotkasiira, & V.-S. Haverinen (Eds.), Iska Warran – Mitä kuuluu? Somalialaisdiaspora meillä ja muualla (pp. 19–33). Joensuu: University of Eastern Finland.

    Google Scholar 

  • Havunen, M. (2016). Lähetysseura kouluttaa turvapaikanhakijoille oppaita suomalaiseen arkeen. https://www.suomenlahetysseura.fi/ls_fi/sivut/uutiset/lahetysseura_kouluttaa_turvapaikanhakijoille_oppaita_suomalaiseen_arkeen/. Accessed 3 Mar 2018.

  • Heikkinen, S. (2015). Arki uudessa kotimaassa. Entisestä Neuvostoliitosta Suomeen iäkkäinä muuttaneiden arki, sosiaaliset suhteet ja kotoutuminen. Tampere: Tampere University.

    Google Scholar 

  • Highmore, B. (2002). Everyday life and cultural theory: An introduction. London: Routledge.

    Book  Google Scholar 

  • Hirsiaho, A., & Vuori, J. (2012). Stories of alphabetisation, stories of everyday citizenship. Nordic Journal of Migration Research, 2(3), 232–242.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hirsiaho, A., Jokinen, E., Jakonen, M., & Sorainen, A. (2011). Julma arki. Tieteessä tapahtuu, 21(8), 8–14.

    Google Scholar 

  • Holm, G., & Londen, M. (2010). The discourse on multicultural education in Finland: Education for whom? Intercultural Education, 21(2), 107–120.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Intke-Hernández, M., & Holm, G. (2015). Migrant stay-at-home mothers learning to eat and live the Finnish way. Nordic Journal of Migration Research, 5(2), 75–82.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Isin, E. F. (2008). Theorizing acts of citizenship. In E. F. Isin & G. M. Nielsen (Eds.), Acts of citizenship (pp. 15–43). London: Palgrave Macmillan.

    Google Scholar 

  • Isin, E. F. (2009). Citizenship in flux: The figure of the activist citizen. Subjectivity, 29, 367–388.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Jokinen, E. (2003). Arjen kyseenalaisuus. Naistutkimus, 16, 4–17.

    Google Scholar 

  • Jokinen, E. (2016). Precarious everyday agency. European Journal of Cultural Studies, 19(1), 85–99.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Jørgensen, M., & Phillips, L. (2002). Discourse analysis as theory and method. London: Sage.

    Google Scholar 

  • Keskinen, S., & Vuori, J. (2012). Erot, kuuluminen ja osallisuus hyvinvointiyhteiskunnassa. In S. Keskinen, J. Vuori, & A. Hirsiaho (Eds.), Monikulttuurisuuden sukupuoli. Kansalaisuus ja erot hyvinvointiyhteiskunnassa (pp. 7–35). Tampere: Tampere University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kivisto, P., & Faist, T. (2007). Citizenship: Discourse, theory and transnational prospects. Oxford: Blackwell.

    Google Scholar 

  • Koski, L., & Harinen, P. (2008). Arjen ahtaus ja turva. In L. Koski & P. Harinen (Eds.), Arjen askeleet: Otteita elämän järjestyksistä (pp. 7–12). Joensuu: Joensuu University.

    Google Scholar 

  • Lister, R. (2003). Citizenship. Feminist perspectives. London: Macmillan.

    Book  Google Scholar 

  • Lister, R. (2007). Inclusive citizenship: Realising the potential. Citizenship Studies, 11(1), 49–61.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Lister, R., Smith, N., Middleton, S., & Cox, L. (2003). Young people talk about citizenship: Empirical perspectives on theoretical and political debates. Citizenship Studies, 7(2), 235–253.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Lister, R., Williams, F., Anttonen, A., Bussemaker, J., Gerhard, U., Heinen, J., Johansson, S., Leira, A. (2007). Gendering citizenship in Western Europe. New Challenges for Citizenship in a Cross-National Context. London: Policy Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Malkki, L. (1995). Refugees and exile: From “refugee studies” to the national order of things. Annual Review of Anthropology, 24, 495–523.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Marshall, T. H. (1950). Citizenship and social class and other essays. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Martin, I. (1999). Lifelong learning for democracy: Stretching the discourse of citizenship. Scottish Journal of Adult and Continuing Education, 5(2), 89–103.

    Google Scholar 

  • Martin, I. (2003). Adult education, lifelong learning and citizenship: Some ifs and buts. International Journal of Lifelong Education, 22(6), 566–579.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Mubarak, Y. M., Nilsson, E., & Saxén, N. (2015). Suomen somalit. Helsinki: Into.

    Google Scholar 

  • Nordberg, C. (2015). Invisibilised visions. Migrant mothers and the reordering of citizenship in a Nordic welfare state context. Nordic Journal of Migration Research, 5(2), 67–74.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Nyers, P. (2015). Migrant citizenships and autonomous Mobilities. Migration. Mobility, & Displacement, 1(1), 23–39.

    Google Scholar 

  • Open Society Foundations (2013). Somalis in Helsinki. https://www.opensocietyfoundations.org/sites/default/files/somalis-helsinki-20131121.pdf. Acessed 3 Mar 2018.

  • Papageorgiou, I. (2012). Second language learning in campaign organisations: Means for endorsing students’ social involvement. Journal for Critical Education Policy Studies, 10(1), 142–155.

    Google Scholar 

  • Polanyi, M. (1966). The tacit dimension. New York: Doubleday & Co.

    Google Scholar 

  • Pöllänen, P. (2013). Hoivan rajat. venäläiset maahanmuuttajanaiset ja ylirajainen perhehoiva. Helsinki: Väestöntutkimuslaitos.

    Google Scholar 

  • Puuronen, V. (2003). Arkipäivän rasismi Suomessa. In: R. Simola & K. Heikkinen (Eds.), Monenkirjava rasismi (pp. 193–210). Joensuu: Joensuu University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Rastas, A. (2007). Rasismi lasten ja nuorten arjessa. Transnationaalit juuret ja monikulttuuristuva Suomi. Tampere: Tampere University Press & Finnish Youth Research Network.

    Google Scholar 

  • Skjeie, H., & Siim, B. (2000). Scandinavian feminist debates on citizenship. International Political Science Review, 21(4), 345–360.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Smith, D. (1987). The everyday world as a problematic: A feminist sociology. Toronto: University of Toronto Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Smith, D. (2006). Introduction. In D. Smith, M. Campbell, M. Devault, & T. Diamond (Eds.), Institutional ethnography as practice (pp. 1–11). Lanham: Rowman and Littlefield.

    Google Scholar 

  • Sotkasiira, T. (2017). Inkluusiota kiihdyttämässä. Havaintoja kotouttamisen kentältä. In T. Eskelinen, H. Harjunen, H. Hirvonen, & E. Jokinen (Eds.), Tehostamistalous (pp. 120–139). Jyväskylä: SoPhi.

    Google Scholar 

  • Sotkasiira, T., & Haverinen, V.-S. (2016). Battling for citizenship. A case study of Somali settlement in Lieksa, Finland. Nordic Journal of Migration Research, 6(2), 115–123.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Souto, A.-M. (2011). Arkipäivän rasismi koulussa. Etnografinen tutkimus suomalais- ja maahanmuuttajanuorten ryhmäsuhteista. Helsinki: Finnish Youth Research Network.

    Google Scholar 

  • Spinney, J., Aldred, R., & Brown, K. (2015). Geographies of citizenship and everyday (im)mobility. Geoforum, 64, 325–332.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Spry, T. (2001). Performing autoethnography: An embodied methodological praxis. Qualitative Inquiry, 7(6), 706–732.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Statistics Finland (2014). Population structure. http://tilastokeskus.fi/til/vaerak/2013/vaerak_2013_2014-03-21_ tie_001_en.html. Accessed 3 Mar 2018.

  • Statistics Finland (2015). Population structure. http://www.stat.fi/til/vaerak/2014/vaerak_2014_2015-03-27_tie_001_en.html. Accessed 3 Mar 2018.

  • Tedre, S. (2000). Hoivaa jokapäiväisten toistojen maailmassa. Yhteiskuntapolitiikka, 65, 520–526.

    Google Scholar 

  • The Act on the Promotion of Immigrant Integration 1386/2010.

    Google Scholar 

  • Tiilikainen, M. (2003). Arjen islam. Somalinaisten elämää Suomessa. Tampere: Vastapaino.

    Google Scholar 

  • Tiilikainen, M. (2015). Looking for a safe place. Security and transnational Somali Muslim families. Journal of Religion in Europe, 8(1), 51–72.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Toivanen, M. (2014). The visual lexica of (national) belonging and non-belonging in the accounts of young Kurds in Finland. Nordic Journal of Migration, 4(4), 192–200.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Uotinen, J. (2008). Autoetnografia, digi-tv ja kone, joka sanoo PING! Naistutkimus, 21(4), 5–13.

    Google Scholar 

  • Uotinen, J. (2010). Aistimuksellisuus, autoetnografia ja ruumiillinen tietäminen. Elore, 86–95.

    Google Scholar 

  • Vuori, J. (2009). Guiding Migrants to the Realm of Gender Equality. In S. Keskinen, S. Tuori, S. Irni, & D. Mulinari (Eds.), Complying with colonialism: Gender, race and ethnicity in the Nordic region (pp. 207–224). Aldershot: Ashgate Publishing.

    Google Scholar 

  • Vuori, J. (2012). Arjen kansalaisuus, sukupuoli ja kotouttamistyö. In S. Keskinen, J. Vuori, & A. Hirsiaho (Eds.), Monikulttuurisuuden sukupuoli. Kansalaisuus ja erot hyvinvointiyhteiskunnassa (pp. 235–262). Tampere: Tampere University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Vuori, J. (2015). Kotouttaminen arjen kansalaisuuden rakentamisena. Yhteiskuntapolitiikka, 80(4), 39–404.

    Google Scholar 

  • Werbner, P., & Yuval-Davis, N. (1999). Women and the new discourse of citizenship. In N. Yuval-Davis & P. Werbner (Eds.), Women, citizenship and difference (pp. 1–38). London/New York: Zed Books.

    Google Scholar 

  • Wood, B. E. (2014). Researching the everyday: Young people’s experiences and expressions of citizenship. International Journal of Qualitative Studies in Education, 27(2), 214–232.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Yle (2014a). Poliisin työt Lieksassa jatkuvat: Nyt netissä leviävät somalimiehen tilisiirrot? http://yle.fi/uutiset/poliisin_tyot_lieksassa_jatkuvat_nyt_netissa_leviavat_somalimiehen_tilisiirrot/7116931. Accessed 3 Mar 2018.

  • Yle (2014b). Lieksalaisista maahanmuuttajista puskakuvia Facebookiin – poliisi selvittää. http://yle.fi/uutiset/lieksalaisista_maahanmuuttajista_puskakuvia_facebookiin__poliisi_selvittaa/7173865. Accessed 3 Mar 2018

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Tiina Sotkasiira .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2019 Springer International Publishing AG, part of Springer Nature

About this chapter

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this chapter

Sotkasiira, T. (2019). Integration, Finnish Somalis and Their Right to Everyday Life. In: Armila, P., Kananen, M., Kontkanen, Y. (eds) The Contexts of Diaspora Citizenship. International Perspectives on Migration, vol 17. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-94490-6_7

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-94490-6_7

  • Published:

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Cham

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-319-94489-0

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-319-94490-6

  • eBook Packages: Social SciencesSocial Sciences (R0)

Publish with us

Policies and ethics