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Convection in Ferro-Nanofluids: Experiments and Theory pp 127–164Cite as

Experimental Investigation of Thermogravitational Convection in Ferrofluids

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Part of the book series: Advances in Mechanics and Mathematics ((AMMA,volume 40))

Abstract

Specific features of thermogravitational instability and thermogravitational flows arising in ferrofluids are discussed. It is shown that in contrast to ordinary fluids, the characteristics of convection setting in ferrofluids depend on the history of its storage and the conditions of experiment. This is found to be due to a complex composition of ferrocolloids containing carrier fluid, solid particles, their aggregates and surfactant that make them essentially multiphase systems. The results of a comprehensive experimental study of convective heat transfer and flow patterns arising in such fluids when they are non-uniformly heated are presented. Spatially and temporally chaotic ferrofluid flows similar to those previously found in gases and binary mixtures are detected in close proximity of the convection onset. In particular, regimes are detected where convection sets and decays spontaneously drastically changing heat transfer across the domain occupied by the fluid. It is noted that the possibility of such a behavior of nanofluids must be taken into account to avoid malfunction of advanced heat exchangers make use of nanofluids as working media.

See Appendix B for the list of previously published materials reused in this chapter with permission.

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Notes

  1. 1.

    The intensity of thermodiffusion is proportional to the Soret coefficient St = DT∕D, where DT and D are the coefficients of thermodiffusion and Brownian diffusion, respectively. It is positive for magnetic fluids in the absence of magnetic field and has the value of approximately 0.1 K−1 [23, 75, 162], which is several orders of magnitude larger than for binary mixtures.

  2. 2.

    Synthesised in Ferrofluid Manufacturing Laboratory “Polus”, Ivanovo, Russian Federation.

  3. 3.

    The efficiency of centrifuging is characterised by separation factor F that is the ratio of the centripetal acceleration to the gravity acceleration g: F(z) = F0(1 + (L − z)∕r0cosγ, where L = 115 mm is the length of the sample container tube, F0 = (ω2 r0cosγ)∕g = 38, r0 = 17 mm is the distance between the top of the tube and the axis of the centrifuge and γ = 30∘ is the angle inclination angle with respect to the horizontal.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Faculty of Physics, Perm State University, Perm, Russia

    Aleksandra A. Bozhko

  2. Department of Mathematics, Swinburne University of Technology, Hawthorn, Victoria, Australia

    Sergey A. Suslov

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Bozhko, A.A., Suslov, S.A. (2018). Experimental Investigation of Thermogravitational Convection in Ferrofluids. In: Convection in Ferro-Nanofluids: Experiments and Theory. Advances in Mechanics and Mathematics, vol 40. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-94427-2_5

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