Abstract
In this chapter, the study proceeds with qualitative and contextualized reviews of the discourses defining the patterns identified in the preceding chapter. In so doing, this third step uncovers the more fine-grained causal mechanisms, of mostly a discursive genature, that are theoretically expected to underpin the workings and effects of reasoning by precedent. The chapter follows the chronological order of the case law record and traces the different discursive structures that underpinned it over time.
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- 1.
Since 1994 such reports are no longer published within the European Court Reports. Instead, for Reports of the Hearing from 1994 onwards, individual requests on the cases of interest have to be made with the Court’s press and information unit. On the basis of such requests, Reports of the Hearing were obtained for more or less two thirds of the cases selected for qualitative review. They are on file with the author.
- 2.
Besides Ireland, also Finland, the UK and Denmark.
- 3.
The seven other Member States referred to in the Commission report are Austria, the Czech Republic, Germany, Greece, Cyprus, Malta and the Netherlands.
- 4.
The Member States mentioned in this respect are Denmark, France, Hungaria, Ireland, Lithuania, the Netherlands and Sweden.
- 5.
This reference to the EU Charter’s provisions in EPvCouncil in fact marked the very first Charter reference made in a CJEU judgment (see Iglesias Sanchez, 2012).
- 6.
As can also be noted in this regard, the Zambrano case was decided in Grand Chamber formation, comprising 15 judges, which is likely to have further hindered consensus building (Dawson, 2014).
References
Primary Sources
EU Law
Council Directive 90/364/EEC on the Right of Residence [1990] O.J. L 180/26.
Council Directive 2003/86/EC on the Right to Family Reunification [2003] O.J. L 251/12.
Directive 2004/38/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council on the Right of Citizens of the Union and their Family Members to Move and Reside Freely within the Territory of the Member States [2004] O.J. L 158/77.
Regulation (EEC) No 1612/68 of the Council on Freedom of Movement for Workers within the Community [1968] O.J. 257.
EU Documents
Communication from the Commission to the European Parliament and the Council on guidance for application of Directive 2003/86/EC on the right to family reunification, COM (2014) 210 (final).
Council of the European Union Press Release 1962nd Council meeting Justice and Home Affairs, Brussels 21 September 2009, 13467/09.
Green Paper on the right to family reunification of third-country nationals living in the European Union (Directive 2003/86/EC), COM (2011) 735 (final).
Report from the Commission to the European Parliament and the Council on the application of Directive 2004/38/EC on the right of citizens of the Union and their family members to move and reside freely within the territory of the Member States, COM (2008) 840 final.
CJEU Case Law
Case C-40/76 Slavica Kermaschek v Bundesanstalt für Arbeit [1976] ECR 1669.
Case C-35/82 Elestina Esselina Christina Morson v State of the Netherlands and Head of the Plaatselijke Politie within the meaning of the Vreemdelingenwet; Sweradjie Jhanjan v State of the Netherlands [1982] ECR 3723.
Case C-147/87 Saada Zaoui v Caisse régionale d’assurance maladie de l’Ile-de-France (CRAMIF) [1987] ECR 5511.
Case C-370/90 The Queen v Immigration Appeal Tribunal and Surinder Singh, ex parte Secretary of State for Home Department [1992] ECR I-4265.
Case C-206/91 Ettien Koua Poirrez v Caisse d’allocations familiales de la région parisienne, substituée par la Caisse d’allocations familiales de la Seine-Saint-Denis [1992] ECR I-6685.
Case C-64/96 Land Nordrhein-Westfalen v Kari Uecker and Vera Jacquet v Land Nordrhein-Westfalen [1992] ECR I-3171.
Case C-184/99 Grzelczyk v Centre public d’aide sociale d’Ottignies-Louvain-la-Neuve [2001] ECR I-6193.
Case C-413/99 Baumbast and R v Secretary of State for the Home Department [2002] ECR I-7091.
Case C-459/99 Mouvement contre le racisme, l’antisémitisme et la xénophobie ASBL (MRAX) v Belgian State [2002] ECR I-6591.
Case C-60/00 Mary Carpenter v Secretary of State for the Home Department [2002] ECR I-6279.
Case C-466/00 Arben Kaba v Secretary of State for the Home Department [2003] ECR I-2219.
Case C-109/01 Secretary of State for the Home Department v Hacene Akrich [2003] ECR I-9607.
Case C-200/02 Kunqian Catherine Zhu and Man Lavette Chen v Secretary of State for the Home Department [2004] ECR I-9925.
Case C-157/03 Commission of the European Communities v Kingdom of Spain [2005] ECR I-2911.
Case C-503/03 Commission of the European Communities v Kingdom of Spain [2006] ECR I-1097.
Case C-540/03 European Parliament v Council of the European Union [2006] ECR I-5769.
Case C-1/05 Yunying Jia v Migrationsverket [2006] ECR I-00001.
Case C-291/05 Minister voor Vreemdelingenzaken en Integratie v R. N. G. Eind [2007] ECR I-10719.
Case C-127/08 Blaise Baheten Metock and Others v Minister for Justice, Equality and Law Reform [2008] ECR I-6241.
Case C-578/08 Rhimou Chakroun v Minister van Buitenlandse Zaken [2010] ECR I-1893.
Case C-34/09 Gerardo Ruiz Zambrano v Office national de l’emploi (ONEM) [2011] ECR I-1177.
Case C-434/09 Shirley McCarthy v Secretary of State for the Home Department [2011] ECR I-3375.
Case C-40/11 Yoshikazu Iida v Stadt Ulm [2013] OJ C 9/10.
Case C-256/11 Murat Dereci and Others v Bundesministerium für Inneres [2011] ECR I-11315.
Case C-356/11 & C-357/11 O and S v Maahanmuuttovirasto and Maahanmuuttovirasto v L [2013] OJ C 26/19.
Case C-86/12 Adzo Domenyo Alokpa and Others v Ministre du Travail, de l’Emploi et de l’Immigration [2013] OJ C 344/21.
Case C-87/12 Kreshnik Ymeraga and Others v Ministre du Travail, de l’Emploi et de l’Immigration [2013] OJ C 225/44.
Case C-456/12 O. v Minister voor Immigratie, Integratie en Asiel and Minister voor Immigratie, Integratie en Asiel v B. Reference for a preliminary ruling: Raad van State—Netherlands [2014] OJ C135/5.
Case C-457/12 S. v Minister voor Immigratie, Integratie en Asiel and Minister voor Immigratie, Integratie en Asiel v G. [2014] OJ C135/5.
Other Sources
Belgian Government, Federal Public Service Foreign Affairs (2009). Written Observation of the Belgian Government on the preliminary reference C-34/09 (Ruiz Zambrano), on file with the author (in French).
Former Council Official (2014). Speaking at an expert seminar organised by the Centre for European Policy Studies, CEPS, Brussels, 14 February 2014.
Government of the Netherlands (2011). Position paper—The Dutch Standpoint on EU Migration Policy. On File with the Author.
Report for the Hearing in Case (C-370/90) Singh, on file with the author (in English).
Report for the Hearing in Case (C-200/02) Zhu & Chen, on file with the author (in English).
Report for the Hearing in Case (C-291/05) Eind, on file with the author (in Dutch).
Report for the Hearing in Case (C-540/03) EPvCouncil, on file with the author (in Dutch).
Report for the Hearing in Case (C-1/05) Jia, on file with the author (in Swedish).
Report for the Hearing in Case (C-578/08) Chakroun, on file with the author (in Dutch).
Report for the Hearing in Case (C-34/09) Zambrano, on file with the author (in French).
Report for the Hearing in Case (C-434/09) McCarthy, on file with the AUTHOR (in English).
Report for the Hearing in Case (C-256/11) Dereci, on file with the author (in German).
Report for the Hearing in Case (C-356/11 & C-357/11) O&S, on file with the author (in Finnish).
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Tweede Kamer der Staten-Generaal. (2011). Brief van de Minister voor immigratie en asiel aan de Voorzitter van de Tweede Kamer der Staten-Generaal. Vergaderjaar 2010–2011, 19637 Nr. 1408.
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De Somer, M. (2019). Qualitatively Charting Precedents. In: Precedents and Judicial Politics in EU Immigration Law. European Administrative Governance. Palgrave Macmillan, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-93982-7_7
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