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The Origin and Evolution of Mammalian Head Muscles with Special Emphasis on the Facial Myology of Primates and Modern Humans

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Heads, Jaws, and Muscles

Part of the book series: Fascinating Life Sciences ((FLS))

Abstract

In this chapter we focus mainly on from where the head and neck muscles arose and how they evolved within the three major extant mammalian clades: monotremes, marsupials, and placentals. Within placentals, we pay special attention to primates, the group that includes our species, Homo sapiens. In fact, primates are an emblematic case study to show that, within the fascinating morphological diversity of hard and soft tissues of the head, including the jaws and the muscles that move them, the most evolvable and diverse ones are a group of muscles that is characteristic of, and played a crucial evolutionary role in, the Mammalia: the muscles of facial expression. As an example of mammalian diversity and also of an issue that is fundamental for the evolution of our own species as well as to illustrate the highly complex linkage between the evolutionary history of muscles, external characters, behavior, and ecology, we briefly comment on the relationships between facial expression, color patterns, mobility, and social group size during primate and human evolution. Furthermore, we also provide comments about data that have been made available in developmental studies on the ontogeny of the mammalian head muscles as an example of how developmental and evo-devo data can be combined with comparative anatomy in order to provide a more integrative understanding of the evolutionary history of the mammalian head.

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Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Anatomy, Howard University, Washington, DC, USA

    Rui Diogo

  2. CASHP, Department of Anthropology, George Washington University, Washington, DC, USA

    Vance Powell

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  1. Rui Diogo
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  2. Vance Powell
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Correspondence to Rui Diogo .

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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Anatomy, Howard University, Washington, DC, DC, USA

    Janine M. Ziermann

  2. Department of Biology, La Sierra University, Riverside, CA, USA

    Raul E. Diaz Jr

  3. Department of Anatomy, Howard University, Washington, DC, DC, USA

    Rui Diogo

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Diogo, R., Powell, V. (2019). The Origin and Evolution of Mammalian Head Muscles with Special Emphasis on the Facial Myology of Primates and Modern Humans. In: Ziermann, J., Diaz Jr, R., Diogo, R. (eds) Heads, Jaws, and Muscles. Fascinating Life Sciences. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-93560-7_11

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